a very young child

也可指动物的幼崽；此处先掌握人。 名词复数 babies；动词词形 babies—babying—babied。作亲昵称呼只限关系亲密且语境合适时，不宜对陌生人随意使用。

a young animal, or the youngest member of a group

可用于动物；用于人时常带亲昵语气。

intended for or relating to a baby

baby 作定语，放在名词前。

to treat someone as if they cannot do things for themselves

常含不赞成意味；不用于中性地表示照看婴儿。

to take care of a child while the parents are away

过去式和过去分词是 babysat。 babysit for sb 表示“替某人照看孩子”。 babysit a child（及物）/ babysit for sb（不及物活动用法）。词形：babysits—babysitting—babysat（过去式和过去分词；不规则，非 *babysitted）。

a child or young person

Kid is informal and common in conversation; child is more formal.

to touch someone with your lips to show love or affection

Kiss someone goodbye and kiss someone on the cheek are common verb patterns.

an act of touching someone with your lips to show love or affection

As a noun, use give someone a kiss or a kiss on the cheek.

the existence of a person or living thing, or the period from birth to death

表示某人的生命或一生时可数，复数为 lives。

the way someone lives or the experiences that form everyday existence

表示一般的生活状态或人生经历时通常不可数；描述某一种生活时可说 lead a hard/quiet life。

living things considered as a group

表示某一区域或某一类生物的总称时通常不可数。

the number of years that a person, animal, or thing has lived or existed

问年龄常用 What age ...?；说具体年龄常用 at the age of 或 be ... years of age。 age 也可泛指人生阶段，如 school age。

to become older, or to make a person or thing look older

人、酒和物品都可作 age 的主语；常用 slowly 或 well 修饰。 不要把 age 作动词时和表示具体年龄的名词结构混淆。

to encourage the development of an idea, feeling, or ability

Foster usually takes an abstract quality or relationship as its object, such as trust or creativity.

to give food to a person or animal

Use feed a person or animal, feed someone something, or feed food to a person or animal.

to eat a particular type of food

Feed on is intransitive: the animal is the subject and the food follows on.

a small model of a person used as a toy

Doll is countable.

two people or things together, or a small number

A couple of takes a plural noun and often means two or a small number.

the legal ending of a marriage

Divorce can name the process generally or a particular ending of a marriage. Say get a divorce; the verb divorce takes the spouse as its direct object.

to legally end your marriage to someone

Say divorce someone, not divorce with someone. Be divorced can describe a person's marital status.

a separation between things that should be connected

This figurative noun is often followed by between to identify two things that have become disconnected. It is more formal than separation.

to separate something from something it is connected with

In the figurative pattern divorce A from B, the object is an idea or activity, not necessarily a person or marriage.

to hold someone closely in your arms

As a verb, hug takes the person being held as its object.

an act of holding someone closely in your arms

As a noun, hug is countable and names one act of embracing.

a child’s informal word for mother

Mommy is chiefly a child’s informal word; mother is the neutral adult word.

the woman that a man is married to

wife 的复数是 wives。

a member of your family

见搭配与例句。

connected with something or considered in comparison with it

见搭配与例句。

make someone familiar with something

Use acquaint somebody with something for giving a person information or experience of a topic.

a person you know slightly

An acquaintance is someone you know but not as closely as a friend.

knowledge of a person or subject gained through experience

In this knowledge sense, acquaintance is normally uncountable and followed by with.

to become a friend to someone, often by offering support

及物动词，直接接人；比 make friends with 更常见于叙述或书面语。

a person you know and like

make friends 表示“交朋友”；a friend of mine 表示“我的一位朋友”。

to add somebody as a contact on a social-networking service

当代网络用法；名词义仍是卡片核心。

kind and pleasant towards other people

虽然以 -ly 结尾，本词是形容词。

suitable for or not harmful to a particular person or thing

常用于复合形容词，如 user-friendly、environmentally friendly。

a relationship of trust and affection between friends

可指抽象的友谊，也可指一段具体的朋友关系。

quick to learn or solve problems

clever 可夸人聪明，也可指方法巧妙。

causing suffering or showing no concern for it

Cruel to names the person or animal treated badly. Cruel can also describe painful words or a harsh event.

violent, strong, or very competitive

可形容动物、风暴或竞争，语气强。

wanting more than you need or deserve

常含贬义，可指贪财或想要过多。

peaceful and working well together

可形容人与人的关系，也可形容色彩搭配。

a peaceful state in which people or things work well together

in harmony with 表示与某物协调或和睦相处。

not proud or thinking you are more important than others

Humble usually praises a person who does not boast about achievements.

truthful and not likely to cheat or lie

Honest is often followed by with someone or about something.

deserving respect because it is honest or morally right

Honorable is the American spelling; honourable is common in British English.

great respect shown to a person, group, or achievement

Honour is the British spelling of honor and is uncountable in this card.

showing kindness and forgiveness

Merciful is often used with to + person when someone is treated with kindness.

kindness shown to someone you have power over

At the mercy of means unable to control what a person, force, or situation does.

not responsible for wrongdoing, or harmed despite having done nothing wrong

Use innocent of to specify an accusation. Innocent victims are people who suffer without being responsible for what happened.

not intended to cause harm, or showing little experience of wrongdoing

An innocent question has no harmful intention. An innocent child suggests purity or lack of worldly experience, not a legal verdict.

feeling guilty or embarrassed about something

Use ashamed after be, often with of + noun/-ing or to + verb; it describes a painful sense of guilt.

the unhappy feeling that you have done something wrong

Guilt is normally uncountable. A feeling of guilt does not by itself mean someone has committed a crime.

the fact of having done something wrong or committed a crime

In a legal or moral context, guilt is responsibility for wrongdoing, not merely a feeling. Contrast guilt with innocence.

feeling unhappy because you believe you have done something wrong

Use guilty about for the reason for a feeling of remorse. Feeling guilty is different from being legally guilty.

responsible for a crime or wrongdoing

Use guilty of to name an offence or wrong action. It can apply to everyday failings as well as crimes.

say that someone or something is responsible for a problem

Blame somebody for something and blame something on somebody both identify responsibility.

responsibility for something bad

Take the blame means accept responsibility, while put the blame on means make another person seem responsible.

a mistake, weakness, or problem

Fault can mean responsibility for a mistake or a weakness in a person, plan, or machine.

having no faults

Faultless is a strong positive word for something done without any mistakes.

not working correctly or having a defect

Faulty usually describes an object or system that has a defect and does not work properly.

to repeatedly hurt, frighten, or control someone who is less powerful

bully 是及物动词；常说 bully someone because of ...。

a person who repeatedly hurts or frightens someone weaker

作名词时指实施欺凌的人；不要与抽象名词 bullying 混淆。

the worth of a person and the respect they deserve

Dignity includes the respect every person deserves, regardless of wealth, age or ability.

a calm, serious manner that earns respect

This sense describes a composed and impressive manner or atmosphere, rather than social rank alone.

honest and direct about a difficult matter

常用 be frank with sb；不等于无礼。

not willing to work or make an effort

Too lazy to do sth describes someone who does not make the effort to do it.

connected with people rather than animals or machines

Human is often used before a noun.

a person, considered as a member of the human race

Human being is countable; people is more common in everyday speech.

a companion who shares your work, struggle or political beliefs

Comrade is common in political or military contexts and can also describe a close companion in a shared struggle. It is not the usual everyday word for any classmate or colleague.

a famous person, especially in entertainment or sport

Celebrity is a countable noun for a person known widely by the public.

a person admired for brave or noble actions

This sense describes a real or fictional person admired for courage.

the main male character in a story, film, or play

In a story, hero often means the main male character.

a large group of people together in one place

Crowd names many people gathered together.

full of people or things

Be crowded with introduces the people or things filling a place.

attracted to people of the same sex

现代常指同性恋者或相关身份；旧义“欢快的”已较少用。

a worry or matter of importance, or to be about something

作名词常接 about；作动词 concern 可直接接所涉及的主题。

to pause before doing something because you are unsure

Use hesitate to + verb for a delayed action and without hesitation for an immediate one.

success or failure that happens by chance

Luck is uncountable.

having bad things happen by chance

Unlucky is the opposite of lucky.

having good things happen by chance

Lucky is followed by to before a verb.

a time when it is possible to do something

常接 to do 或 of doing；have a chance to do 表示“有机会做”。

the possibility that something will happen, or an accidental way in which it happens

by chance 表示“碰巧”；no chance 可表示“没有可能”。

to take the risk of doing something or of losing something

chance 后常接名词或动名词；多用于不愿或决定承担风险的语境。

to surprise someone very much

amaze 常作及物动词：amaze sb 或 It amazes sb that ...。 amaze 表示“使人惊奇”，不是“感到惊奇”。

very surprised

amazed 描述人或有感受的对象；常用 be amazed at/by sth 或 be amazed to do sth。 amazed 是“感到惊奇的”，amazing 是“令人惊奇的”。

very surprising or very impressive

amazing 描述使人感到惊奇的事物、结果或经历。 描述人的感受通常用 amazed；amazing 表示“令人惊奇的”。

to surprise someone very much

A fact or action astonishes a person. Use astonished to describe how that person feels.

a feeling of great respect mixed with wonder

in awe of 是高频搭配。

to make someone feel great respect and wonder

多用于被动语态或较正式描写。 动词词形：awes—aweing（英式；美式亦见 awing）—awed。awe 与 or 在许多英式口音中同音仅是发音提示，拼写、词性和意义不同。

extremely good or impressive

现代非正式英语中常表示强烈赞赏。 【非正式】此义多用于强烈赞赏。

causing wonder because it is very great or powerful

较正式语境保留“令人敬畏/壮观”的意味；不要与 awful 的现代贬义混同。 比较级/最高级常用 more awesome / most awesome；awesomely 是派生副词，不是屈折变化。

funny in a clever and pleasant way

Humorous is more formal than funny.

the quality of being funny or amusing

Humour is the British spelling of humor and is uncountable.

to make someone feel eager, interested, or full of energy

Excite needs an object: a story can excite the children, while the children become excited.

feeling eager and happy about something that is going to happen

Excited describes a person's feeling. Use exciting for the thing that creates that feeling.

making people feel eager, interested, or full of energy

Exciting describes the event, news, or experience; people feel excited by it.

to make the sound or expression that shows you find something funny or are happy

Laugh at can mean find something funny; be careful because it can also mean make fun of someone.

one act or sound of laughing

A laugh is countable when it means one occasion or sound of laughing.

the sound or act of people laughing

Laughter is uncountable; use a burst of laughter for one occasion.

pleasant, enjoyable, or attractive

Nice is common in everyday English and can describe experiences, places, and things.

kind and pleasant to other people

Be nice to someone means to treat that person kindly.

enjoyable, friendly, or comfortable

pleasant 常形容天气、经历或人的态度。

friendly and easy to talk to

形容人时，pleasant 指友好、相处愉快。

used politely when asking someone to do something

please 放在祈使句前后使语气更礼貌。

to make someone happy or satisfied

please 作动词时后接人，表示使某人满意。

to be what someone wants or likes

if you please 可用于礼貌表达或强调。

happy or satisfied about something

pleased 常与 with 连用；be pleased to do 表示“很高兴做某事”。

giving pleasure or satisfaction

pleasing 描述能带来愉悦或满意的人、物或结果。

a feeling of enjoyment or happiness

take pleasure in 后接名词或动名词；at your pleasure 较正式，表示“按你的方便或意愿”。

something that gives enjoyment

可数时常指具体的乐趣。

to make your face show happiness or friendliness

smile at sb 表示朝某人微笑。

a happy or friendly expression on someone’s face

with a smile 描述说话或做事时的神情。

a feeling of pleasure in your own or another person's achievements, or an excessive belief in your own importance

take pride in 表示“以……为傲”；pride 也可指妨碍人承认错误的骄傲。

a sense of your own value that makes you want to be treated with respect

此义强调人的尊严和自我价值感。

feeling pleased and satisfied about something that you or another person has done

be proud of 后接人、事物或成就；be proud to do sth 后接动词原形。

thinking that you are more important or better than other people

too proud to do sth 常表示因自尊过强或自大而不愿做某事。

make someone slightly angry or impatient

Annoy takes a person as its object; be annoyed describes the person's feeling.

to annoy someone or make them worried

Bother someone means disturb them; bother about something means worry about it.

to make someone feel let down

Disappoint means fail to meet someone’s hopes or expectations.

sad because something was worse than expected

Disappointed describes a person’s feeling after hopes are not met.

a feeling of sadness when hopes are not met, or an event that causes this feeling

Disappointment is the feeling or event that causes it.

to make someone feel bored

bore—bored—bored；常用 bore somebody 或 bore somebody with something。

to make a deep round hole in something

常见 bore a hole in/through；与使人无聊的 bore 同形。

feeling uninterested because nothing is engaging

描述人的感受：be bored with/by；不要用 boring 描述人的感受。

not interesting and making people feel bored

描述事物或活动；与 bored 对照：The film is boring; I am bored。技术名词 boring（钻孔）不纳入本高中核心义。

not sensible, or extremely enthusiastic about something

Crazy can mean unreasonable or extremely enthusiastic.

angry with someone or about something

Mad meaning ‘angry’ is informal; in British English, mad with sb is common.

cry with broken breaths

Sob describes crying with broken breaths, often more intensely than simply crying; the past form is sobbed.

feeling regret about something you have done

be sorry for sth 表示对某事感到抱歉。

feeling sad about someone or something

sorry to hear 表示听到坏消息后的遗憾。

the painful feeling of having done something wrong

表示羞愧时 shame 通常不可数；feel ashamed 也常用。

a regrettable event or situation

表示遗憾时常用单数 a shame：What a shame!

deserving shame because it is wrong or unfair

shameful 描述值得谴责的行为或事实，不等于“感到羞愧的”。

to cry, usually because of strong sadness or emotion

Weep is more literary than cry. Its past tense and past participle are both wept.

a drop of liquid that comes from the eye when someone cries

This noun tear is pronounced /tɪə(r)/ and usually appears as a tear or tears.

to pull something apart roughly or by force

This verb tear is pronounced /teə(r)/ in the present tense; its past form is tore.

to feel or show deep sadness after a death or loss

可接某人的死亡或失去之物，语气庄重。

to dislike someone or something very strongly

Hate is strong; dislike is usually softer.

a strong wish, or to want something strongly

名词常接 for；作动词后常接 to do，较正式。

loved or very important

Dear can describe a person or thing you value.

costing a lot of money

This use is common in British English.

very interested and excited to do or get something

Eager is followed by to + verb for an action or for + noun for something desired.

showing strong interest and excitement

Enthusiastic is commonly followed by about + noun or -ing form.

known and recognized by many people

Be famous for gives the reason for fame; be famous as gives a role or identity.

a person who likes a sport, team, performer, or activity very much

Use fan of before an activity, person, or thing: a fan of science fiction.

an electric device with blades that moves air to make a place cooler

The meaning is clear from context: people can be fans, while an electric fan moves air.

showing respect and good manners

be polite to sb 表示“对某人有礼貌”。

not polite or respectful

Rude describes behaviour that shows a lack of politeness or respect.

tell someone that you are grateful for something

thank 后接人，for 后接原因。

an expression of gratitude

作名词时通常用复数 thanks，如 give thanks、many thanks；不用 a thank。

feeling pleased and grateful

thankful 强调内心“感激”，常与 for/that 连用。

to speak angrily to someone about bad behaviour

Scold someone for doing something when you speak angrily because of their behaviour.

to make fun of someone or deliberately provoke a reaction

Tease may be playful, but it can upset the other person; about names what is being joked about.

someone who enjoys playing jokes on others

Calling someone a tease often describes a habit of making playful jokes or withholding a surprise.

to make someone suffer because they have broken a rule or done something wrong

punish 后接人；说明原因时用 punish sb for sth。

deserving or allowed by law to be punished

常用于法律或规则语境；be punishable by 后接处罚方式。

the act of punishing someone, or the penalty given to them

可指处罚行为，也可指具体的惩罚。

accept something unpleasant

Tolerate means continue to accept something difficult or unpleasant.

an unexpected event or a feeling caused by something unexpected

作名词时，既可指“惊讶”这种感受，也可指令人意外的事。

make someone feel surprised

surprise 后直接接“使谁惊讶”的人或事。

to want to know something

wonder 后常接 if/whether 从句，表示“想知道是否”。

something that causes admiration because it is unusual or beautiful

a wonder 可指令人惊叹的事物。

a puzzling question or situation

A riddle normally asks for an answer that must be guessed from clues.

a sudden feeling of excitement

A thrill is a strong feeling of excitement, sometimes mixed with fear.

give someone a strong feeling of excitement

The thing causing excitement is the subject; the excited person is the object.

a story full of suspense

A thriller keeps readers or viewers nervous about what will happen.

an idea that a person accepts as true

belief in 表示“对……的信念”；a belief 可指一个具体看法。

a religious or strongly held set of ideas

常用复数 beliefs 表示不同的信仰或观念。

to accept that something is true or likely

believe that 后接从句；believe somebody 表示相信某人所说的话。

to have confidence in someone, something, or an idea

believe in 与 believe that 结构和侧重点不同。

so surprising that it is difficult to accept as true

核心义不等于“极好”；须从上下文判断。

used in an informal reaction to mean extremely impressive, bad, or surprising

必须依上下文判断褒贬，不可机械译为“极好”。

to experience a physical or emotional state

After feel, use an adjective for a state: feel tired, not feel tiredly.

to want to do something at a particular time

Feel like is followed by a noun or an -ing form, not by to + verb.

an emotion or idea that someone experiences

Feelings are emotions; feeling of often names the particular emotion.

wish you had what someone else has

Envy takes a person or what that person has as its object and often suggests an unhappy wish to possess it.

the wish to have another's advantage

Envy is uncountable when it names this feeling.

to produce tears or make a loud call

The verb describes tears or a loud call.

a loud sound made by someone who cries or calls

The noun names the sound itself.

a series of thoughts and images during sleep

作“梦”时常与 have 或 about 连用。

a strong wish for something to happen in the future

dream of 后可接名词或动名词。

to experience images in sleep or to imagine something desired

dream about 多指梦见；dream of 也可表示“梦想”。

to want something to happen or to say that you hope someone has something good

wish to do 较正式；wish somebody luck 表示祝某人好运。

a desire for something to happen

make a wish 指许愿；best wishes 常用于祝福语。

to strongly encourage someone to act or recommend action

Use urge someone to do for the person and desired action. Urge can also take the recommended action as a noun object.

a strong wish to do something

An urge to is followed by a verb and names the action someone strongly wants to perform.

the ability to stay calm while waiting or dealing with difficulties

patience 通常不可数；have the patience to do sth 表示“有耐心做某事”。

able to stay calm while waiting or facing difficulty

be patient with sb 表示“对某人有耐心”。

a person who is receiving medical treatment

此义常用于医院或诊所语境。

willingly and without hesitation

见搭配与例句。

without much effort, difficulty or delay

强调容易做到或获得；并不单纯描述动作速度。

prepared for something

见搭配与例句。

willing to do something

见搭配与例句。

quick to act or respond

见搭配与例句。

available for use without further preparation

见搭配与例句。

not wanting to do something

Unwilling is followed by to + verb when someone does not want to act.

in a genuine and honest way

Sincerely is especially common at the end of a formal letter before the writer’s name.

the spiritual or emotional part of a person

Soul can refer to a spiritual self in religious belief or to someone's deepest feelings. Heart and soul means complete effort and care.

a person, especially in expressions about how many people are present

Soul can stand for a person. Not a soul means nobody and often emphasises an empty or quiet place.

a style of popular music with expressive singing and roots in African American gospel and rhythm and blues

Soul is uncountable when it names the music style, whose singing often expresses strong emotion.

a person that you do not know

stranger 指不认识的人，不等同于 strange“奇怪的”。

connected with people aged from thirteen to nineteen

teenage 只作定语，常放在名词前。

a person who is between thirteen and nineteen years old