an occasion when people eat food

Meal is countable.

the first meal of the day

通常说 have breakfast（零冠词）；只有把一顿早餐具体化时才可说 a big breakfast。

a meal eaten in the middle of the day

Lunch is normally uncountable.

the main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening

Dinner is countable for one meal.

the evening meal, especially in some families and regions

supper 与 dinner 都可指晚餐；supper 在某些家庭或地区更常用。

to eat a meal, especially the evening meal

Dine is more formal than eat.

a list of food and drinks available in a restaurant

Menu is countable.

a place where people pay to eat meals

可数名词。

a late-morning meal that combines breakfast and lunch

通常说 have brunch；作为一餐的名称时常用零冠词。

a style of cooking, or the food prepared in that style

Cuisine often identifies the food and cooking style of a place or culture, not one individual dish. It is usually uncountable in phrases such as local cuisine; cuisines can compare distinct traditions.

provide food or what people need

Cater for/to means provide what a group needs; it is common for events and services.

a meal you serve yourself, or a counter selling light food

The food noun is pronounced /ˈbʊfeɪ/. At a buffet meal you choose food yourself; a station buffet sells snacks and drinks.

to strike or push repeatedly and forcefully

The verb is pronounced /ˈbʌfɪt/, with the final t sounded. It often describes repeated force from wind or waves.

a liquid food made by cooking vegetables, meat, or fish in water

soup 通常不可数；用 a bowl of 表示一碗。

a small amount of food eaten between meals

snack 是正餐之间吃的少量食物。

to eat a small amount of food between meals

snack on 后接具体食物。

corn that has been heated until it opens into a light snack

popcorn 通常不可数；a bag of popcorn 表示“一袋爆米花”。

a meal eaten outdoors, usually in a park or the countryside

have/go on a picnic 是常用表达。

to eat a meal outdoors

picnic 作动词的过去式和过去分词均为 picnicked。

a baked dish with pastry and a sweet or savoury filling

pie 是可数名词；apple pie 指苹果馅饼。

a flat round dish of baked bread with cheese and other food on top

pizza 可数；a slice of pizza 表示“一片比萨”。

two pieces of bread with food between them

可数名词。

a famous Beijing dish of roasted duck

菜名通常保持大写 Beijing；可用 a plate of 表示一盘。

small amounts of food and drink served to people at a meeting, event, or journey

Refreshments is normally plural when it means drinks and light food provided for guests.

to draw liquid or air into the mouth, or pull something inward using suction

Suck can describe using the mouth or the inward pull of a machine. Use through for a narrow passage such as a straw, and out for removal by suction.

a thick, slightly sour food made from milk

yogurt 作食物名词通常不可数；一小盒可说 a pot of yogurt。

tasting very good

Yummy is an informal word, especially used by children.

a tall plant whose seeds are eaten as food

Corn is usually uncountable when naming the food or crop.

seeds of crops such as wheat or rice, used as food

Grain is usually uncountable for a crop or stored food; a grain names one seed.

a very small hard piece of a substance

Use a grain of with substances such as sand or salt to mean one tiny particle.

a seed or pod of a plant that is eaten as a vegetable

常以复数 beans 指一类或一份豆类食物。

a seed of a coffee plant or another plant

coffee bean、cocoa bean 都是可数搭配。

a soft food made from soya beans, often used instead of meat

也叫 tofu；作不可数名词，通常不用 a bean curd。

a small piece of dough, often filled with meat or vegetables

dumpling 是可数名词；中国饺子常说 Chinese dumplings。

a traditional Chinese food of sticky rice wrapped in leaves

这里特指粽子，不泛指普通饺子。

a food made from milk, often eaten in slices, pieces, or melted

通常作不可数名词，说 a piece/slice of cheese；谈不同种类时可用复数 cheeses。

a soft yellow food made from milk fat

作物质名词时通常不可数；点餐时可说 some butter。

to put butter on food

及物动词，常见于烹饪步骤。

a white drink produced by cows and other animals

Milk is uncountable.

the process of getting and using food needed for growth and health

Nutrition is uncountable. It concerns nourishment or the study of how food supports the body; an individual substance in food is a nutrient, not a nutrition.

a substance in food needed for growth and health

Protein is a nutrient that helps the body grow and repair itself.

the small grains used as food

作食物时通常不可数。

the plant that produces rice grains

指作物时仍通常用不可数形式。

a long thin strip of pasta or dough, usually eaten in a soup or dish

Noodles is more common for a dish or serving; a noodle can mean one strand.

a thick, soft food made by cooking oats or other grains in milk or water

porridge 通常作不可数名词；说一碗时用 a bowl of porridge。

a sweet substance used in food and drinks

sugar 通常不可数；表示糖分可说 too much sugar。

things that people or animals eat

Food is normally uncountable: some food, not a food, unless referring to a type.

to put food into your mouth and swallow it

作及物动词时后接食物；eat breakfast 中 breakfast 作宾语。

to have a meal

不带宾语时可表示“进餐”；eat out 指“在外面吃饭”。

the past participle of eat, used in perfect tenses and passive forms

与 have 构成完成时；与 be 构成被动语态。

an oval object produced by a female bird, used as food

作为食物时常可数；egg white 是“蛋清”。

the flesh of animals used as food

Meat is uncountable.

a plate or a prepared type of food

Dish can mean a plate or a prepared serving of food.

cook food in hot oil

Fry means cook in hot oil, usually in a pan; the past form is fried.

potato pieces cooked in oil

Fries is the common plural noun for fried potato pieces.

to cook food over direct heat

Grill takes food as its object; grilled is the adjective used before the cooked food.

a person who prepares and sells meat, or to kill animals for meat

作名词指卖肉或处理肉类的人；作动词语境较正式。

to use your teeth to break food into smaller pieces

chew on 后可接食物或某物，表示反复咬。

bite-sized pieces of breaded chicken, usually served as a snack

书中以 chicken popcorn 标出“鸡米花”；在英语菜单的通行名称中，更常见的是 popcorn chicken。点餐或阅读菜单时要留意两种词序。

a long, thin piece of potato fried and usually eaten hot

英式 chips 指热的炸薯条（美式 French fries），不是袋装薄脆片。

a thin, crisp piece of fried potato, often sold in a bag

美式 chips 可指袋装薄脆片；英式英语通常说 crisps。

a very small piece of electronic equipment used in computers and other devices

也常说 microchip 或 silicon chip；这里不是食物。

a small piece broken off a larger hard object, or the mark left by it

常指油漆、木头、陶瓷等掉下的一小块，也可指留下的缺口。

to damage something by breaking a small piece off its edge

常用于杯子、盘子等硬物边缘出现小缺口。

the thick part of milk used in cooking

This sense is edible cream or a cream-based food.

a soft substance put on the skin for care or protection

This sense is a cosmetic product applied to skin.

a soft substance formed when milk becomes thick

Curd commonly appears in food names such as bean curd and lemon curd.

a sandwich with a cooked meat or vegetable patty inside a bread roll

Hamburger can mean the sandwich, not only the meat inside it.

a meal in which food is cooked in a pot of hot soup at the table

hot pot 通常作不可数的菜肴名称使用。

a sweet frozen food made from milk or cream

Ice cream is usually written as two words; ice-cream is an accepted spelling variant.

bread baked as one shaped piece

The plural of loaf is loaves. Use loaf to count whole pieces of bread, and slice to count pieces cut from a loaf.

to make or grow something, especially in large amounts

动词 produce 重音在第二音节，常指工厂或企业生产。

to grow or yield fruit, flowers, or another natural result

此义常以植物、树木或土地作主语，后接果实、花或作物。

to cause a particular result, feeling, or effect

produce 作此义时后接结果、效果或反应等。

food or other products that have been grown or made, especially farm products

名词 produce 重音在第一音节，通常作不可数名词，尤指新鲜农产品。

the process of making goods, or the amount of goods made

production 通常作不可数名词，指制造过程或产量。

something that is made or manufactured for sale or use

作可数名词时指一件产品；作不可数名词时可泛指某种生产出的产品或产出。

something that is produced naturally or as the result of a process or activity

此义强调某个过程、活动或自然变化所产生的结果。

plants grown by farmers or the amount produced

Crop often means food plants grown on a farm, or the harvest produced in one season.

eat grass or cut short

As a verb, crop can mean animals eating plants or cutting something short.

an area of land used for growing crops or keeping animals

A farm may grow crops, keep animals, or do both.

to grow crops or keep animals as a job or activity

As a verb, farm takes land, crops, or animals as its object.

a person who owns, manages, or works on a farm

Farmer names a person connected with running or working on a farm.

an area of open land used for growing crops or keeping animals

This sense usually refers to open land in the countryside, especially land used for farming.

an outdoor area where a sport is played

For sport, field often means the playing area outdoors.

an area of study, work, or knowledge

In this abstract sense, field is often followed by of to name a subject or profession.

a sweet fruit that is wider at the bottom than at the top

pear 是可数名词；其复数为 pears。

a round sweet fruit with soft skin

名词指桃或桃色；peach-coloured 是含 peach 的颜色复合形容词，不把 peach 单独当作本卡形容词义。

a tropical fruit with a tough, patterned skin, pointed leaves and sweet yellow flesh

Pineapple is countable for a whole fruit and can be uncountable for the food. Despite its spelling, it is not a kind of apple.

a small soft red fruit with seeds on the outside

strawberry 作可数名词，复数为 strawberries。

a large green fruit with red flesh

watermelon 是可数名词；一片西瓜常说 a slice of watermelon。

a small, round, green seed eaten as a vegetable

Pea is countable; peas is usual when referring to a serving of the vegetable. A pod is the case that holds several peas.

a round vegetable with brown skin that grows underground

复数为 potatoes；mashed potato 常作不可数名词，指土豆泥。

a round red fruit often used as a vegetable in cooking

tomato 的复数是 tomatoes。

a plant used as food

vegetable 是可数名词。

a fungus with a cap, often used as food

Some mushrooms are edible, but wild mushrooms should not be picked without knowledge.

increase or develop very quickly

The verb is intransitive; mushroom into introduces the larger result.

a round fruit with firm flesh that grows on trees

apple 是可数名词；泛指苹果这种水果时也常用复数 apples。 an apple tree 是苹果树；a piece of apple 指一块苹果。

a long curved yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh

可数名词；复数为 bananas。

a long orange root vegetable

可数；泛指一类食物时常用复数 carrots。

a long green vegetable with a crisp texture

Cucumber is countable when referring to individual vegetables.

a vegetable with smooth, usually purple skin and pale flesh

Eggplant is the usual American name; aubergine is more common in British English. Use an eggplant for a whole vegetable and eggplant for the food in a dish.

the sweet part of a plant that contains seeds and is eaten as food

Fruit is usually uncountable when speaking generally. A piece of fruit names one apple, banana, and so on.

the useful result of work, effort, or an idea

This figurative sense is usually plural in the fruits of someone's labour, and it refers to results rather than food.

a small round fruit that grows in bunches on a vine

Grapes normally grow in bunches and can be eaten fresh or made into juice.

a large round citrus fruit with yellow or pink flesh and a sharp taste

Grapefruit is a citrus fruit; it is not a type of grape.

a yellow fruit with a sour taste

Lemon is countable for the fruit.

a sweet drink made with lemon juice, water, and sugar

Lemonade is uncountable; use a glass of lemonade for one serving.

a strong-smelling bulb used to add flavour to food

Garlic is usually uncountable. A whole garlic bulb divides into cloves; a clove is one small section.

a plant used for flavour or medicine

In British English herb begins with /h/; herbs are often added to food for flavour.

made from or relating to herbs

Herbal describes products made from herbs or using them as ingredients.

a sweet thick food made by bees

Honey is uncountable when it means the food.

recently produced, picked, or prepared, and still good to eat or use

Fresh food has not been stored for long and is still good to eat or use.

containing no salt; used for water from rivers, lakes, and some underground sources

Fresh water is water without salt. It is different from sea water.

new or different, especially after something earlier has ended or become familiar

Fresh can describe a new beginning, idea, or piece of evidence rather than food.

pleasantly cool and clean, or full of energy after rest

Fresh air is clean, cool outdoor air. Feel fresh means feel rested and energetic.

to make someone feel less tired, cooler, or less thirsty

Refresh someone by giving rest, cool air, food, or a drink that restores energy.

to make information current again, or to help someone remember it clearly

Refresh a page asks a computer or phone to load current information. Refresh your memory means look again so that you remember.

having a pleasant smell

Fragrant describes a pleasant smell from things such as flowers, herbs or tea; it does not describe taste alone.

a common food made from flour and baked in an oven

bread 通常不可数；说数量用 some bread、a piece of bread 或 a loaf of bread。

cook food with dry heat in an oven

Bake is used for cooking bread, cakes, and similar food in an oven.

a person who makes bread and cakes

A baker is the person who bakes; a bakery is the shop or place where baking is done.

a shop where bread and cakes are made or sold

Bakery names the place, not the person: buy bread at a bakery from a baker.

a fine powder made by grinding grain or other food, used in cooking

Flour is normally uncountable: use some flour or a bag of flour, not a flour for a quantity. Flour and flower sound the same in standard British English.

a sweet baked food, often for a celebration

可数：a cake 指整个蛋糕；a piece/slice of cake 指一块。

a small, dry, usually sweet baked snack in British English

BrE biscuit 通常指甜脆小饼；AmE 中相近食物常叫 cookie，AmE biscuit 还可指松软小面包。

a small sweet baked biscuit

Cookie is the usual word for this sweet biscuit in American English.

a dark drink made from roasted beans

作饮料通常不可数；a coffee 在点餐语境可指一杯咖啡。

a brown powder or drink made from cacao beans

Cocoa can mean the powder used in chocolate or a hot drink made with it.

a cola drink, especially Coca-Cola

Coke with a capital C is used for the Coca-Cola brand; lowercase coke also occurs informally for a cola drink.

a hard fuel made by heating coal without air

Coke meaning fuel is uncountable and unrelated to the drink.

the liquid from fruit or vegetables, used as a drink

Juice is uncountable; use a glass of juice for one serving.

an alcoholic drink made mainly from grain

Beer is normally uncountable; use a bottle or a glass to count servings.

the substance in drinks such as wine that can cause intoxication, or such drinks collectively

Alcohol is usually uncountable. It can name the chemical substance or alcoholic drinks in general.

containing alcohol or resulting from alcohol use

The adjective can describe what a drink contains or the cause of a condition, depending on the noun that follows.

a person who is dependent on alcohol

As a noun, alcoholic names a person with alcohol dependence; it is not a label for everyone who has an alcoholic drink.

a sweet brown food made from cocoa, often eaten as a treat

泛指巧克力这种食品或原料时通常不可数；可说 some chocolate 或 a piece of chocolate。

an individual sweet made of or covered in chocolate

指一颗或一种巧克力糖时可数，常用复数 chocolates。

sweet food made with sugar, often eaten in small pieces

candy 是美式英语；英式英语通常说 sweets。泛指糖果时常不可数；表示若干颗或一种糖可用 candies。

gum that is chewed for flavour but not swallowed

通常不可数；说“一块”时用 a piece of chewing gum。

a place where beer is made

brewery 是酿造啤酒的工厂，不是售卖啤酒的酒吧。

a sweet food made by cooking fruit with sugar

Jam is usually uncountable as food. Use a jar of jam for a container, not a jam to mean one serving or jar.

a situation in which traffic or objects cannot move freely

A jam is countable when it means a blockage. A traffic jam involves vehicles; a paper jam occurs when paper gets stuck in a machine.

to become stuck or make something unable to move or work

A door or machine can jam by itself; an object can also jam it. Jammed often describes the resulting stuck condition.

to cook food with dry heat in an oven

Roast takes the food as its object and usually refers to cooking it with dry heat.

bread made brown and crisp by heat

Toast is uncountable for bread: say a slice of toast, not a toast, for one slice.

words said before people drink to honor a person or event

A toast is countable when it means words spoken in celebration; use to before the person or event honored.

to brown food with heat, or drink to honor someone or something

Toast bread refers to heating it; toast a person or achievement refers to celebrating with a drink.

not cooked, processed or prepared for use

Raw describes food before cooking, materials before manufacture, or information before analysis. Raw data is the original collected information, not a finished conclusion.

the flavour of food or the ability to notice flavour

taste 作“味道”时常与 of 连用。

try food or drink to know its flavour

taste sth 表示“品尝某物”。

have a particular flavour

后接形容词或 like 短语。

having little or no flavour

常用于食物，也可引申为“低俗的”，此处先掌握味道义。

having a pleasant flavour

tasty 只描述“好吃”，不等于 healthy。

having a pleasant sugary taste

描述味道时，sweet 通常放在系动词后或名词前。

pleasant, gentle, or attractive

此义不指味道。

a small piece of candy or dessert

英式英语中 sweets 常指“糖果”。

having a sharp acidic taste, or having become unpleasant through spoilage

Sour can describe a natural sharp taste, as in lemon, or food such as milk that has gone bad. It does not always mean the food is spoiled.

unfriendly, bad-tempered or showing displeasure

When used of a face or mood, sour is figurative: it describes displeasure rather than a taste.

having a large distance between two sides or being dense

thick 可描述厚度，也可描述烟、雾等浓度。

a liquid added to food for flavour

Sauce is usually added to food to give it flavour or moisture.

a hot-tasting powder used to add flavour to food

作调味料时 pepper 通常不可数；salt and pepper 是常用搭配。

a sharp-tasting yellow or brown sauce made from mustard seeds

Mustard is usually uncountable when it means the sauce. A little can give food a strong, sharp taste.

instructions for preparing a dish

A recipe gives both ingredients and steps for making food.

a thin flat piece cut from something

Use a slice of with food such as bread, cheese or cake to name a piece cut from a larger whole.

a share of a larger amount

A slice can be a figurative share of money or another resource; it need not be a physical piece.

to cut something into thin flat pieces

Slice focuses on cutting thin pieces, while chop usually suggests cutting into smaller chunks.

a box used for cooking food with heat

oven 常与 in / out of 连用，表示食物在烤箱中或从中取出。

a device that provides heat for cooking or warming a room

A stove may heat a room or provide cooking heat; the surrounding words make its function clear.

a deep round container used for cooking or holding food

a pot of 后可接食物、茶或咖啡等，表示一锅或一壶。

a container in which a plant is grown

种植语境中 pot 常指花盆。

a flat dish used for serving or eating food

a plate of 后接食物，表示一盘某物。

a sign or plate carrying a number or name

英式英语中车辆号牌常说 number plate。

one of the large moving sections of the Earth's outer layer

地质语境中常与 tectonic 连用。

a utensil with a small bowl for eating or serving food

a spoon of sugar 表示一勺糖；spoonful 专指一匙所能容纳的量。

the amount that a spoon can hold

通常用 a spoonful of + 不可数名词。

a small dish for a cup

A saucer is the small plate placed under a cup.

a drink made from the leaves of a tea plant

tea 作饮料通常不可数；a tea 可指“一杯茶”。

having a very pleasant taste or smell

Delicious commonly describes food and drink.

the taste of food, or a substance added to give it a taste

Flavour can mean the taste itself or a flavouring ingredient. Flavour is British spelling; flavor is American.

to give food or drink a particular taste

Flavour takes the food as its object; with introduces the ingredient that gives the taste.

a chemical substance with a sharp taste that can react with metals

In science, acid is a countable chemical; use acid rain for pollution made acidic.

a liquid that people take into the body

This noun names a liquid prepared for drinking.

to take liquid into the body through the mouth

This verb describes swallowing a liquid.

having had too much alcohol

Drunk describes a person affected by alcohol.

showing the behaviour of someone who is drunk

Drunken describes actions or people affected by alcohol, often critically.

extremely unpleasant

Disgusting describes something that causes a strong feeling of dislike, often because it is dirty or cruel.

meat from a cow, used as food

作食物名词时通常不可数；说数量可用 some beef 或 a piece of beef。

a complaint or disagreement that a person has

现实口语补充义，学习时置于“牛肉”之后；常见 have a beef with somebody/about something。

a bird kept for its eggs or meat

指动物时可数；a chicken 指一只鸡，chick 更常指雏鸡。

the meat of a chicken used as food

指食物时通常不可数；不要把它与动物义混同。

a young sheep

Lamb is countable for the animal, and the final b is silent. The plural lambs is pronounced with /mz/ at the end.

meat from a young sheep

Lamb is normally uncountable when it means meat. Contrast a lamb, the animal, with some lamb, the food.

meat from a pig’s upper leg

通常不可数；说“一片火腿”用 a slice of ham。

salted or smoked meat from a pig

Bacon is usually uncountable when referring to the food on a plate.

meat from an adult sheep, used especially in cooking

Mutton is uncountable when it means meat; use a piece of mutton for one portion.

meat from a pig that is eaten as food

pork 作食物名词通常不可数。

a thick slice of meat

Steak can be countable for a single portion or uncountable when naming the meat as food.

a large bird or its meat as food

Turkey can name the bird or its meat when it is served as food.

a tube of seasoned meat