a game in which players hit a shuttlecock over a net with rackets

运动名称通常不可数；play badminton 前不用 a。

a game in which players roll a ball at pins

通常作不可数名词；go bowling 表示“去打保龄球”。

the sport of fighting with fists under rules

通常作不可数名词；与动词 box 区分。

a board game for two players using different pieces and careful plans

play chess 前通常不加冠词；a game of chess 表示一局棋。

a sport of hitting a small ball into holes

Golf is uncountable as the name of the sport; a golf course is the place where it is played.

a Chinese martial art involving physical and mental training

Kung fu is uncountable; do not use a kung fu for the activity.

to run slowly and steadily for exercise

Jog describes gentle, steady running, often for exercise.

a person who runs slowly for exercise

A jogger is a person; jogging is the activity.

a long running race of about 42 kilometres

也可比喻耗时很长的活动。

walk in a steady group; take part in a public protest walk

march for/against 表示“为支持/反对……而游行”。

an organized walk, often for a public cause

a march for ... 常用于新闻和阅读语篇。

a person who walks in an organized march

A marcher is a person taking part in an organized march.

an activity with rules that people play for enjoyment or to win

Game can mean a recreational activity or one particular match in a sport.

a light frame covered with paper or cloth that flies in the wind on a long string

Fly a kite means make a kite fly by holding its string in the wind.

a game played by hitting a small ball across a table

ping-pong 常作不可数名词；也可说 table tennis。

a team sport played with an oval ball

Rugby is uncountable as the name of the sport.

to move on ice or a hard surface while wearing skates

skate 可指冰上或穿旱冰鞋滑行；滑滑板通常说 skateboard。

to move over snow on skis

go skiing 是“去滑雪”的常用说法。

a long narrow piece of equipment used for moving over snow

单数 ski，通常说 a pair of skis 表示一副滑雪板。

to ride on waves using a board

Surf the waves means ride waves on a board; surf the internet has a different modern sense.

move through water using your arms and legs

swim 的过去式是 swam，过去分词是 swum。

an act or period of swimming

go for a swim 是常用表达。

the sport or activity of swimming

作运动名称时通常不可数。

a game played by hitting a ball over a net with rackets

球类名称 tennis 前一般不用 play the。

major international sports competitions

专有名称中 Olympic 和 Games 都要大写；夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会各自每四年举行一次。

relating to the Olympic Games

Olympic is an adjective; use the Olympics or the Olympic Games for the event itself.

the international sports event called the Olympic Games

Use the Olympics with the: the Olympics. Olympic is the adjective form.

to move the body rhythmically to music

The verb describes the activity of moving rhythmically to music.

a set of movements to music, or an event where people dance

The noun names a performance, style, or social event.

a person who dances, especially professionally

Dancer names the person; the related activity is dance.

a play or serious story written for performance

Drama is a play or a serious story for performance.

sudden and noticeable, especially in size or effect

This sense describes a striking change or result.

connected with drama or intended to create a strong effect

This sense describes theatrical style or presentation.

in the area behind a theatre stage, away from the audience

常修饰 work, wait, go 等动词。

happening behind the stage or away from public attention

作形容词时通常放在名词前；比喻义常指不公开的筹备工作。

a platform for performers, or a particular period in a process

at this stage 表示“在现阶段”。

to organise and present an event or performance

stage 作动词时，宾语常是 play、show、event 等。

a play, film, or programme intended to make people laugh

A comedy is a work designed to amuse; it can be a film, play, or television show.

intended to make people laugh

Comic before a noun describes an amusing effect, scene, or performer.

a tool or piece of equipment used for a particular purpose, especially careful or scientific work

This sense refers to a tool or piece of equipment used to do a particular job.

an object used for making music

For music, instrument means a musical instrument such as a piano, violin, or flute.

a musical instrument played by squeezing a bag of air

Bagpipes is a plural noun even when referring to one instrument.

an activity done regularly for pleasure in free time

A hobby is done for enjoyment rather than as a job.

time when you are free from work or study

通常不可数；leisure time 指空闲时间。

activities or shows that people enjoy

通常不可数，指供人消遣的活动或节目。

enjoyment or amusement from an activity or experience

Fun is normally uncountable. Have fun is a common way to wish someone enjoyment.

making people laugh or smile

Funny means amusing when it makes people laugh.

strange, unexpected, or slightly worrying

Funny can mean strange rather than amusing, especially with noise, smell, feeling, or behaviour.

a place where works of art are shown to the public

A gallery displays art; use museum for a broader collection of historical or scientific objects.

special power that seems to make impossible things happen

Magic is uncountable when it means special power or tricks in general.

a person who performs tricks to entertain people

A magician performs tricks; it does not mean a real person with magic powers.

a style of music with strong rhythms and improvisation

Jazz is uncountable as a music style; a jazz band is a group that plays it.

a musical instrument, or to hit repeatedly

play the drums 指演奏鼓；drum on 指用手指不停敲。

to make musical sounds with your voice

sing 后可接 song；sing along 表示跟着唱。

a short piece of music with words that people sing

song 是可数名词；a song 可指一首具体歌曲。

a person who sings, especially as a job or skill

-er 表示从事或擅长唱歌的人。

a group of people who sing together

Choir is pronounced /ˈkwaɪə/, although its spelling begins with ch. A choir may sing in a school, church or concert hall.

a group singing together, or the repeated part of a song

可指合唱团，也可指歌曲中反复出现的副歌部分。

to say or sing words repeatedly in a steady rhythm

Chant focuses on repeated words and rhythm, whether used by a crowd or in a religious setting.

a repeated rhythmic phrase or a simple religious song

A chant is the repeated phrase or song itself, rather than the act expressed by the verb.

one part of a play or film with a particular setting or action

A scene is a countable section of a play or film. A play's act may contain several scenes.

the place where something happens, or what can be seen happening there

The scene of an event is its location. A scene can also be a particular view or situation, unlike scenery, which refers to a landscape collectively.

the people and activities associated with a particular interest or place

The scene in this sense is usually introduced by a field such as music or art. It describes an active community, not a stage set.

a building for plays, or the art of plays

英式 theatre，美式常拼作 theater。

to enjoy yourself, take part in a game, or play a sport

play outside 可不接宾语；play football 等后接球类运动作宾语。

to perform music or act as a character

play + 乐器通常加 the；play a role 表示扮演角色。

a work for the theatre, or one action or planned move in a sport

play 作名词可指戏剧；在体育中也可指一次关键动作或战术。

to let someone see something or make something clear

show sb sth 和 show sth to sb 都可用。

a performance or public event for people to watch

show 作名词可指电视节目、演出或展览。

a musical play in which most of the words are sung

go to the opera 指“去看歌剧”；opera singer 指歌剧演员。

the art or style of opera as a form of music and theatre

指歌剧这种艺术形式时通常不可数。

a traditional Chinese form of opera with music, singing, and stylised movement

Beijing opera 通常不加冠词，指中国传统戏曲京剧。

traditional theatrical performance from China with music and stylised acting

作文化艺术类别时常不可数；不是泛指西方 opera。

a person who takes part in a game, sport, or activity

player 常与具体运动连用，如 football player。

a person who plays a musical instrument

与乐器连用时，player 指演奏者。

a device that plays recorded music or video

此义指播放音频或视频的设备。

an account of imaginary or real events

story 可指虚构故事，也可指真实经历。

a long written story about imaginary characters and events

novel 是可数名词；historical novel 指历史小说。

new and different in an interesting way

作形容词时重音与名词相同，但意思是“新颖的”。

a person who writes novels

由 novel + -ist 构成，指写小说的人。

a clever action or useful method

A trick can be a joke or a useful way of doing something.

to deceive someone into doing or believing something

Use trick someone into doing something for an action caused by deception.

related events or works

Series has the same form in the singular and plural.

a piece of writing in which words are arranged in a special way

poem 是一首具体的诗；poetry 指诗歌这一整体。

poems in general or the art of writing poems

poetry 通常不可数，指诗歌这一类文学或创作活动。

a special beauty or quality that makes something feel like poetry

此义指事物中富有诗意的美感，不指具体诗作。

a person who writes poems

poet 指创作诗歌的人。

a period of ten years

A decade is exactly ten years; use over the past decade for a recent ten-year period.

a series of rulers from the same family

中国历史朝代名称常大写，如 the Tang Dynasty。

important enough to be remembered in history

Historic stresses historical importance; historical more broadly means connected with the past. Use a historic event because the h is sounded.

events of the past or the study of those events

History is uncountable for the subject or the past generally.

a male ruler of an empire

emperor 统治 empire；女性统治者是 empress。

a group of countries or lands ruled by one emperor or government

empire 常用于历史语境；统治者可称 emperor 或 empress。

a female ruler of an empire or the wife of an emperor

empress 可指统治帝国的女君主，也可指皇帝的妻子。

a particular day on a calendar

Use date for a calendar day.

a social meeting with someone you are romantically interested in

This use means a romantic meeting.

to write a calendar date on something

Use this sense for documents.

to have a romantic relationship with someone

This sense takes a person as its object.

connected with Africa, its people, or its cultures

African 是专有形容词，首字母必须大写。 可修饰国家、城市、艺术、语言或人民等名词。

a person from Africa

作可数名词；复数是 Africans。 谈论具体人群时应使用具体、尊重的语境，避免把不同国家和文化混为一谈。

connected with the United States or its people

American 是专有形容词，首字母必须大写。 可修饰 people、history、English 等名词。

a person from the United States

作名词时 American 是可数名词，复数为 Americans。 表示国籍的 American 仍须大写。

connected with Asia or its people

Asian 首字母要大写。 亚洲包含许多国家、地区和文化；描述时应具体、尊重地说明语境。

a person from Asia

作名词时指来自亚洲的人；在正式交流中，若已知具体国籍或地区，可用更具体的称呼。

connected with Australia

Australian 首字母要大写。

a person from Australia

作名词时 Australian 指来自澳大利亚的人，首字母仍大写。

connected with Britain or its people

British 必须大写；可修饰 culture、English 等，表示英国的或英式的。

British people considered as a group

the British 指英国人这个群体，作复数主语；不用 a British 指单个人。

connected with Canada

国籍形容词首字母大写。

a person from Canada

作名词也必须大写；不要与 Canada（国家名）混淆。

connected with China, its people, or its language

作形容词时常放在名词前，首字母大写。

the Chinese language

指语言时通常不可数，首字母大写。

Chinese people considered as a group

谈具体的人时，Chinese people 往往更清楚；the Chinese 可指中国人这一群体，不能说 two Chineses。

the language spoken in Britain, the US, and many other countries

语言名称 English 通常不可数，首字母大写。

relating to England, its people, or its language

作形容词时也必须大写。

the continent west of Asia and north of Africa

专有名词，首字母大写；通常不与 the 连用。

relating to Europe or its people

作形容词时修饰名词，首字母大写。

a person from Europe

指人时是可数名词，复数为 Europeans。

connected with France, its people, or its language

Use French before a noun for things connected with France.

the language spoken in France and several other countries

When French means the language, it is uncountable and begins with a capital letter.

connected with Germany, its people, or its language

Use German before a noun for things connected with Germany.

the language spoken in Germany and several other countries

When German means the language, it is uncountable and begins with a capital letter.

relating to India or its people

国籍和地区形容词首字母大写。

a person from India

指人时是可数名词，复数为 Indians。

connected with Japan, its people, or its language

As an adjective, Japanese comes before a noun and is always written with a capital J.

the language spoken in Japan

When it means the language, Japanese is uncountable and has a capital J.

a person from Japan

For people, Japanese can be singular or plural; Japanese people is also common.

connected with Russia, its people, or its language

首字母大写。

the language spoken in Russia

语言义通常不可数。

a person from Russia

指人时为可数名词。

a country at the southern end of Africa

国名各实词首字母大写；通常说 in South Africa。

a belief, custom, or way of doing something passed down over time

tradition 是可数名词；traditional 是形容词。

following customs that have existed for a long time

traditional 放在名词前，描述与传统有关的事物。

the Christian festival in spring

节日名称首字母大写；常说 at Easter。

a day for celebrating children

节日名首字母大写；具体节日用 on。

a traditional Chinese festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month

节日全称首字母大写；通常前用 the。

a Chinese festival celebrated with dragon boat races and zongzi

节日名称首字母大写；dragon boat race 是常见活动。

a public holiday celebrating workers

节日名首字母大写；具体节日用 on。

a Chinese festival celebrated with lanterns and rice balls

节日名首字母大写。

a Chinese festival when families watch the moon and eat mooncakes

节日名首字母大写。

a public holiday celebrating a nation

节日名首字母大写。

the first day of a new year

节日名首字母大写，使用弯引号形式。

the Chinese New Year holiday

作为中国节日名称，每个实词首字母大写。

a day for showing thanks to teachers

弯引号在 teachers 后，表示“老师们的”；节日名首字母大写。

the Chinese festival for remembering ancestors

节日名称写作 Tomb-sweeping Day：Tomb 和 Day 的首字母大写，并保留连字符。

a day celebrating women’s achievements and rights

Women’s 是 woman 的复数所有格，表示“妇女的”；节日名称的实词首字母大写。

a holiday connected with the People’s Liberation Army

PLA Day 是节日名，具体节日用 on。

red paired poems put up for the Spring Festival

couplets 是复数，指门两侧成对张贴的春联。

a special day or period when people celebrate, often with public events

A festival may be a traditional holiday such as the Spring Festival, or an organised event centred on music, films, or food.

a day or period when people do not work or study

Holiday is BrE for a vacation period; a public holiday is an official day off.

to do something special because an important event or success has happened

celebrate 后可接节日、生日、胜利等名词；不要说 celebrate for。

to praise or show that a person, idea, or achievement is important

可用于 celebrate courage、celebrate diversity 等较正式表达。

an event or act that marks a special occasion or success

作可数名词时指具体庆典；in celebration of 表示“为庆祝……”。

a large special meal, especially one prepared for a celebration

A feast is a special large meal, not simply an ordinary dinner. A feast for the eyes is a figurative phrase for something very beautiful to look at.

to eat a large amount of good food, often at a special meal

Feast on is followed by the food being enjoyed in large amounts.

a light that is protected by a case and can be carried or hung outside

Lantern is countable; paper lanterns are often used for festivals or decoration.

a woman who rules a country as its monarch

此义指统治国家的女王；作头衔时通常大写。

the wife of a king

当 king 是国王时，queen 也可指他的妻子，即王后；她不一定是统治者。

a male member of a royal family, especially the son of a king or queen

prince 用于王室成员；作头衔时常大写，如 Prince William。

a female member of a royal family, especially the daughter of a king or queen, or the wife of a prince

princess 可指君主的女儿，也可指王子的妻子；作头衔时常大写。

connected with a king or queen, or impressively generous as if fit for royalty

Royal usually concerns a king, queen or their family. A royal welcome can be figurative: an especially warm and impressive welcome, even without royalty present.

having high moral qualities or belonging to a high social rank

Noble can describe moral character or social rank; the noun it modifies shows the sense.

a person forced to work without freedom

A slave was forced to work for another person and had no freedom.

the system of owning people and forcing them to work

Slavery is the system in which people are owned and forced to work without freedom.

to ask for or give divine protection and happiness

Bless is often used in religious wishes. Be blessed with also means be fortunate to have something good.

a being believed in some religions to have power over the world or part of it

God with a capital G commonly refers to the single deity in religions such as Christianity; god can refer to one of several deities in other belief systems or stories.

a female god in a religion, myth, or story

Goddess is the female form used for a god in traditional religious or mythological stories.

connected with religion and treated with deep respect

Holy often describes a place, object or day that a religious community regards as sacred. It is not the usual adjective for something that is merely important.

the place believed in some religions to be where good people go after death

Heaven is often capitalized in religious writing; heaven on earth is a figurative expression.

extremely pleasant or beautiful

Heavenly is often informal and figurative for something wonderfully pleasant.

a ceremony held for a person who has died, often before burial or cremation

Funeral is countable. Attend a funeral means be present at the ceremony; a funeral procession is the group moving together as part of it.

to speak to God or hope strongly for something

Pray is commonly followed by for + person/thing or that + clause when stating a hope.

words spoken to God or a request for help

A prayer may mean the act of praying or the words said during it.

strong trust or belief in someone or something

常用 have faith in sb/sth，表示对其有信心。

loyal to someone or accurately representing something

既可指对人忠诚，也可指对原作忠实。

a religion and philosophy based on the Buddha's teachings

Buddhism begins with a capital B and is usually uncountable; a follower is a Buddhist.

relating to the Catholic Church

Catholic begins with a capital C when it refers to the Christian church or its members.

a member of the Catholic Church

As a countable noun, Catholic names a person; Catholics is the plural.

a tradition of thought associated with Confucius, especially about moral conduct and social relationships

Confucianism names a system of thought and is normally uncountable. Keep its initial capital and distinguish it from Confucius, the name of the teacher.

the Chinese teacher and thinker whose teachings are associated with Confucianism

Confucius is a person's name, so it begins with a capital letter and normally takes no article. Use the teachings of Confucius to discuss the ideas attributed to him.

a building where Christians go to worship

指建筑物时通常可数；go to the church 强调去那座建筑。

the activity of attending Christian worship

go to/attend church 通常不加冠词，强调参加礼拜，而不是去某一座建筑。

a senior priest in some Christian churches

Use bishop in church titles such as Bishop of York, or with the local bishop.

full of bright colours or varied and interesting features

Colorful is the US spelling; British English normally writes colourful.

the appearance of an object produced by light

Colour is the standard British spelling; color is the US spelling.

to add colour to a picture or surface

Use colour in or colour something when talking about adding colour with pencils or crayons.

having the very dark colour of coal

作定语或表语均常见。

the colour black

颜色名词常见于 in black 或 black and white。

showing only black, white, and shades of grey

名词前通常写作 black-and-white；表语常写 black and white。

treating a situation as having only two simple opposite choices

常用于否定：not black-and-white。

having the colour of a clear sky

最核心颜色义。

sad or without much hope

常用 feel blue；不是指颜色。

the colour blue

作颜色名词时常与 red、green 等并列。政治、粗俗等引申义不纳入本提案的高中核心义。

of a colour like earth, wood, or coffee

作颜色形容词时常置于名词前；dark brown 表示“深棕色”。

having the colour of grass or leaves

Green describes the colour of grass, leaves, and many plants.

designed to cause little harm to the environment

Green in this sense describes environmentally friendly action, products, or technology.

having a colour between black and white, or dull because of clouds

Grey is the standard British spelling; American English often uses gray.

a coloured stick of wax used for drawing

Crayon names a wax drawing stick.