词族 15 · Unit 15
逐词完整资料，适合在分组学习后复习核心用法、例句和必要辨析。
联想 contact 的核心是“接上、碰到或取得联系”。它既可指身体/物体接触，也可指人与人保持联系；作可数名词时可指熟人，作动词时表示联系某人。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 接触
指身体、物体或表面碰到一起。
常见表达 in contact with on contact with come into contact with remain in contact with
A race walker must keep one foot in contact with the ground.
查看翻译和讲解 竞走者必须保持一只脚与地面接触。
in contact with。
Keep the medicine away from contact with eyes.
查看翻译和讲解 避免这种药接触眼睛。
contact with body parts。
n. [U] / vt. 联系；联络
指与某人保持通信或主动联系某人。
常见表达 keep in contact make contact with lose contact with contact sb. contact the office
We still keep in contact after graduation.
查看翻译和讲解 毕业后我们仍保持联系。
keep in contact。
Please contact the office if your address changes.
查看翻译和讲解 如果地址变了，请联系办公室。
contact as a verb。
n. [C] 熟人；联系人；触点
可指数得清的联系人，也可指电路等的接头或触点。
常见表达 a useful contact business contacts electrical contact contact point
My uncle is a useful contact at the local newspaper.
查看翻译和讲解 我叔叔是我在当地报社的一个有用联系人。
contact as a person。
Clean the electrical contact before you turn on the light.
查看翻译和讲解 开灯前先清洁电路触点。
electrical contact。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Do not touch the hot glass.
touch 只对应身体或物体接触。
Good communication helps the team work well.
communication 对应联系交流义。
There is a strong connection between sleep and health.
connection 比 contact 更宽，可指抽象联系。
We should integrate theory with practice.
integrate 强调把部分合成整体，不是简单接触。
The buyer trusted the salesman's integrity.
integrity 是人的品格或整体完整性。
Separation from friends made the first week hard.
separation 与接触/联系形成对比。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 contact 可按 con- + tact 记为“共同接触”；integrate/integrity 走 integr- 完整线，三词放在一起是为了比较“接触、合并、完整”。
contacted
contact 的过去式/过去分词 I contacted the teacher by email.
She is contacting the club leader now.
The contact point must stay clean.
词族导图 contact / integrate / integrity 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 integrate 的核心是“把分开的部分合成一个整体”。常用 integrate A with B 表示把两者结合，也可用 integrate into 表示融入群体或系统。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 把不同部分结合成整体
把学科、想法、资源、系统等结合起来，使它们一起发挥作用。
常见表达 integrate A with B integrate ideas integrate resources integrate theory with practice
We should integrate theory with practice.
查看翻译和讲解 我们应该把理论与实践相结合。
integrate A with B。
The project integrates art with computer science.
查看翻译和讲解 这个项目把艺术和计算机科学结合起来。
integrate two fields。
vi. / vt. 融入；使融入
让新人、群体或新系统进入一个集体并成为其中一部分。
常见表达 integrate into a group integrate new students integrate into local life
New students need time to integrate into the class.
查看翻译和讲解 新生需要时间融入班级。
integrate into。
The school helps children integrate into local life.
查看翻译和讲解 学校帮助孩子们融入当地生活。
integrate into social life。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Combine the two lists into one.
combine 更普通，强调放在一起。
She joined the music club.
join 可指加入组织；integrate 强调整体融合。
The festival united people from different towns.
unite 强调团结成一体。
Separate the clean paper from the used paper.
separate 与 integrate 相反。
Please contact the office if your address changes.
contact 是取得联系，不等于合并成整体。
词族线索 / 同组词
Engineers checked the integrity of the bridge.
integrity 与 integr- 完整线相关。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 integr- 可帮助记“完整”。integrate 是动词“合成整体”，integrity 是名词“完整/正直”。
The city built an integrated transport system.
The integration of technology and teaching takes time.
The judge was respected for his integrity.
词族导图 contact / integrate / integrity 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 integrity 有两条常见线：做人方面是正直诚实；事物方面是完整完好。可用“完整不被破坏”来连接这两个义项。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 正直；诚实
指一个人诚实、有原则、值得信任。
常见表达 personal integrity a person of integrity show integrity trust sb.'s integrity
The buyer trusted the salesman's integrity.
查看翻译和讲解 买主相信这位销售员的诚实。
trust someone's integrity。
A leader should be a person of integrity.
查看翻译和讲解 领导者应该是正直的人。
a person of integrity。
n. [U] 完整；完好
指系统、建筑、数据或结构没有被破坏，保持完整。
常见表达 the integrity of a system structural integrity data integrity protect integrity
Engineers checked the integrity of the bridge after the storm.
查看翻译和讲解 暴风雨后，工程师检查了桥梁的完整性。
structural integrity。
The program protects the integrity of the data.
查看翻译和讲解 这个程序保护数据的完整性。
data integrity。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Honesty is important in friendship.
honesty 对应品格义。
Her uprightness won respect.
uprightness 更书面。
The design keeps the wholeness of the old building.
wholeness 对应完整义。
Dishonesty can destroy trust.
dishonesty 与品格义相反。
The storm caused serious damage.
damage 与完整完好形成对比。
词族线索 / 同组词
We should integrate theory with practice.
integrate 是动词，强调使部分成为整体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 integrity 与 integrate 同属 integr- 完整线。integrity 是名词，既可指人的完整品格，也可指结构或系统完整。
We should integrate theory with practice.
The integration of new students takes time.
Trust is an integral part of friendship.
词族导图 contact / integrate / integrity 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 geography 可用 geo = earth 和 graph = write/draw 记作“描绘大地”。它是一门学科，关注地点、地貌、气候、人口和人与环境的关系。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 地理；地理学
学校学科，研究地球表面、地区、气候、河流、人口和人类活动。
常见表达 study geography a geography lesson human geography physical geography
We study rivers and mountains in geography class.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在地理课上学习河流和山脉。
school subject。
Human geography looks at how people live in different places.
查看翻译和讲解 人文地理研究人们如何生活在不同地方。
human geography。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Geometry helps us understand shapes and space.
geometry 是数学分支；geography 是地理学。
The map shows where the river enters the sea.
map 是学习地理的工具。
Earth science includes rocks, weather, and oceans.
earth science 范围更宽。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 geo = earth; graph = write/draw。geography 与 geometry 共享 geo 记忆线；graph/photo 线另与 writing/light picture 相关。
Geo- appears in geography and geometry.
A geographer studies places and people.
Geographic information helps us compare regions.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 geometry 可用 geo = land 和 metry = measure 记忆为早期“测量土地”，现代核心是数学里的点、线、角、形状和空间。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 几何学
数学分支，研究点、线、角、形状和空间关系。
常见表达 study geometry a geometry problem geometry class basic geometry
This geometry problem asks us to find the angle.
查看翻译和讲解 这道几何题要求我们求角度。
geometry problem。
Geometry helps students understand shapes and space.
查看翻译和讲解 几何帮助学生理解形状和空间。
shapes and space。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Geography class teaches us about rivers and cities.
geography 是地理，geometry 是数学。
Arithmetic focuses on numbers and calculation.
arithmetic 侧重数字计算，geometry 侧重形状空间。
Measure the side of the triangle.
metry 线与 measure 记忆相关。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 geo = land; metry = measure。geometry 是数学学科，不是地理学。
The window has a geometric pattern.
A geometer studies shapes and space.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 graph 核心是用图形呈现信息。它常出现在数学、科学和报告中，可用 draw/read a graph 掌握。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 图；图表；曲线图
用线、柱、点等展示数字、变化或关系的图。
常见表达 draw a graph read a graph a line graph a bar graph a graph of results
Draw a graph to show how the temperature changed.
查看翻译和讲解 画一张图表显示温度如何变化。
draw a graph。
The graph shows a steady rise in book sales.
查看翻译和讲解 这张图表显示图书销量稳定上升。
graph shows data。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The chart compares the two classes.
chart 范围更宽，可指各种表格图。
The diagram explains how the machine works.
diagram 重在解释结构或过程。
词族线索 / 同组词
The report includes a simple graphic.
graphic 可作名词或形容词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 graph = write/draw。graph 是图表本体，graphic、paragraph、photograph 等带有 graph 写/画线索。
The graphic explains the result clearly.
Use graph paper for the math drawing.
The line graph shows weekly changes.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 graphic 与 graph 同线，核心是“图形化呈现”。作名词指图形/图表；作形容词可指图案的、视觉的，也可表示描述很生动清楚。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 图表；图形；图画
报告、网页或设计中的视觉图形。
常见表达 a graphic use graphics computer graphics a clear graphic
The page uses a graphic to explain the rule.
查看翻译和讲解 这一页用图形解释规则。
graphic as noun。
Computer graphics make the game look real.
查看翻译和讲解 电脑图形让游戏看起来真实。
graphics plural。
adj. 绘画的；图案的；生动的
与图像设计有关，或描述非常清楚、生动。
常见表达 graphic design a graphic image graphic details a graphic description
She is learning graphic design after school.
查看翻译和讲解 她课后在学平面设计。
graphic design。
The story gives a graphic description of the storm.
查看翻译和讲解 这个故事对暴风雨作了生动描述。
vivid description。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Visual information is easy to remember.
visual 更泛指视觉相关。
The writer gave a vivid picture of village life.
vivid 对应生动清楚义。
词族线索 / 同组词
The graph shows the results.
graph 是具体数据图表。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 graph = write/draw; -ic 常构成形容词。graphic 也可作名词。
The film uses beautiful graphics.
Graphic design combines words and images.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 calligraphy 可按 calli = beautiful 和 graph = write 记为“美丽的书写”。它是艺术，不只是普通 handwriting。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 书法；书法艺术
以漂亮、有艺术感的书写为核心的艺术形式。
常见表达 Chinese calligraphy practice calligraphy calligraphy and painting learn calligraphy
My grandfather practices Chinese calligraphy every morning.
查看翻译和讲解 我爷爷每天早晨练习中国书法。
practice calligraphy。
The school club teaches calligraphy and painting.
查看翻译和讲解 学校社团教授书法和绘画。
calligraphy and painting。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Her handwriting is neat.
handwriting 是普通书写，calligraphy 是艺术化书写。
Calligraphy is an important traditional art.
art 是上位领域。
Graph can mean a data chart.
graph 只作词根线索时表示 write/draw。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 calli = beautiful; graph = write; -y 构成名词。calligraphy 是不可数名词。
The calligrapher wrote the words with a brush.
The sign has a calligraphic style.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 paragraph 是文章中的段落。para- 有 beside 的记忆线，graph 是 write；考试中重点是 first/last paragraph、topic sentence、write a paragraph。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 段落
文章中围绕一个主要意思的一段文字。
常见表达 the first paragraph write a paragraph a short paragraph topic sentence in the next paragraph
The first paragraph tells us where the story happens.
查看翻译和讲解 第一段告诉我们故事发生在哪里。
first paragraph。
Please write a short paragraph about your weekend.
查看翻译和讲解 请写一小段关于你周末的文字。
write a paragraph。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Read the next section carefully.
section 范围更宽，可指文章、书或组织部分。
The passage is about city life.
passage 常指阅读材料的一段或一篇。
A paragraph usually has several sentences.
sentence 是段落内部的句子。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 para = beside; graph = write。paragraph 是文章结构词，不是图表 graph。
Good paragraphing makes an essay clear.
A topic sentence often comes at the beginning of a paragraph.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 photograph 可按 photo = light 和 graph = write/draw 记为“用光写成的图像”。现代核心就是 camera 拍出的照片。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 照片；相片
用相机或手机拍出的图片。
常见表达 take a photograph a family photograph frame a photograph look at photographs
This photograph had been framed.
查看翻译和讲解 这张照片已经被镶了框。
frame a photograph。
She kept a photograph of her class on the desk.
查看翻译和讲解 她把一张班级合照放在桌上。
a photograph of。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This photo was taken by my sister.
photo 是 photograph 的常用简写。
The picture shows a small village.
picture 范围更宽，也可指图画。
词族线索 / 同组词
He enjoys wildlife photography.
photography 是摄影活动或艺术。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 photo = light; graph = write/draw。photograph 是照片，photographer 是人，photography 是活动/艺术，photographic 是形容词。
The photographer waited for the right light.
Photographic evidence helped the police.
Digital photography is popular now.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 photographer = photograph + -er，表示拍照片的人。它可指职业摄影师，也可泛指拍照者。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 摄影师；拍照者
拍照片的人，尤其是职业或熟练拍摄者。
常见表达 a professional photographer a wildlife photographer the wedding photographer work as a photographer
The photographer waited for the right light.
查看翻译和讲解 摄影师等待合适的光线。
professional context。
A wildlife photographer must be patient.
查看翻译和讲解 野生动物摄影师必须有耐心。
wildlife photographer。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The camera operator filmed the school play.
camera operator 更偏摄像设备操作者。
Fashion photography needs careful lighting.
photography 是活动或领域。
词族线索 / 同组词
This photograph had been framed.
photograph 是照片本身。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -er 表示人。photographer 是拍 photograph 的人。
She showed me a family photograph.
The book includes photographic records.
He studies photography at college.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 photographic 是形容词，表示照片的、摄影的。常见搭配有 photographic evidence、photographic memory、photographic paper。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 照片的；摄影的
与照片、摄影、摄影材料或摄影记录有关。
常见表达 photographic evidence photographic paper photographic records photographic equipment
Photographic evidence helped the police find the car.
查看翻译和讲解 照片证据帮助警方找到了那辆车。
photographic evidence。
The museum keeps photographic records of old streets.
查看翻译和讲解 博物馆保存老街道的照片记录。
photographic records。
adj. 记忆极准确的
photographic memory 指像照片一样准确的记忆力。
常见表达 photographic memory
She has a photographic memory for faces.
查看翻译和讲解 她对面孔有惊人的准确记忆。
photographic memory。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The report includes photo-related evidence.
photo-related 更口语泛化。
Visual records are easy to compare.
visual 范围更宽。
词族线索 / 同组词
This photograph had been framed.
photograph 是名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 photograph + -ic = photographic，-ic 常构成形容词。
She kept a photograph on her desk.
The photographer took the picture.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 photography 是不可数名词，表示摄影这门技术、活动或艺术；和 photograph 一张照片、photographer 摄影师要分清。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 摄影；摄影术
拍照片的活动、技术或艺术。
常见表达 digital photography wildlife photography fashion photography study photography
The photographer did fashion photography for a magazine.
查看翻译和讲解 这位摄影师为一本杂志拍过时装照片。
fashion photography。
Digital photography makes it easy to share pictures.
查看翻译和讲解 数码摄影让分享图片很容易。
digital photography。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Careful camera work made the film beautiful.
camera work 更偏拍摄操作。
The photographer waited for the light.
photographer 是人。
词族线索 / 同组词
This photograph had been framed.
photograph 是可数照片。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 photo = light; graph = write/draw; -y 构成活动或学科名词。photography 是不可数名词。
This photograph had been framed.
The photographer took a family photo.
Photographic evidence was useful.
词族导图 geography / graph / photo 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 biology 来自 bio = life，核心是研究生命。它可指学校学科“生物学”，也可指某种生物或人体的生理特点。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 生物学
研究动植物、人和其他生命体的科学。
常见表达 study biology a biology lab biology class plant biology
We study cells and plants in biology class.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在生物课上学习细胞和植物。
biology as school subject。
The biology lab has microscopes for students.
查看翻译和讲解 生物实验室有学生用的显微镜。
biology lab。
n. [U] 生理；生物特性
指人体或其他生物体的工作方式、结构和生命过程。
常见表达 human biology the biology of animals basic biology
Sleep is important for human biology.
查看翻译和讲解 睡眠对人体生理很重要。
human biology。
The film explains the biology of sea turtles.
查看翻译和讲解 这部影片解释海龟的生物特性。
biology of animals。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Life science studies living things.
life science 是 biology 的近义领域词。
A biologist studies animals in the forest.
biologist 是研究 biology 的人。
The biography tells the scientist's life story.
biography 的 bio 是 life，但它是人生书写，不是生物学。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 bio = life; -logy = study。biology 是生命科学，biologist 是人，biochemistry 是生命与化学结合，biography 是人生书写。
A biologist studies animals in the forest.
Biological research can protect rare plants.
Biochemistry studies chemical processes in living things.
词族导图 biology / biography 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
015
animal
▶ /ˈænɪməl/ · noun
a living creature that can move and is not a plant or a human being
动物
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 动物
a living creature that can move and is not a plant or a human being
常见表达 wild animals farm animals protect animals
The guide asked us not to feed the wild animals.
查看翻译和讲解 导游要求我们不要喂野生动物。
wild animals 用复数泛指野生动物。
A sheep is an animal that is often kept on farms.
查看翻译和讲解 绵羊是一种常在农场饲养的动物。
an animal 可指一种动物。
animal 是可数名词；泛指多种动物时用 animals。
wild animal 指野生动物；pet 单独作名词时指宠物。
016
bacterium
▶ /bækˈtɪəriəm/ · n.
a tiny single-celled living thing
细菌
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
n. 细菌
a tiny single-celled living thing
常见表达 a harmful bacterium bacteria in soil
Under the microscope, we watched a bacterium divide.
查看翻译和讲解 在显微镜下，我们观察到一个细菌分裂。
a bacterium: singular
Useful bacteria in the soil help break down dead leaves.
查看翻译和讲解 土壤中的有益细菌帮助分解枯叶。
bacteria: plural
Bacterium is singular; its plural is bacteria. Some bacteria cause disease, while others are useful.
017
botanical
▶ /bəˈtænɪkl/ · adj.
relating to plants or the scientific study of plants
植物学的
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 植物学的
relating to plants or the scientific study of plants
常见表达 a botanical garden botanical research
We spent the morning in the botanical garden.
查看翻译和讲解 我们上午在植物园度过。
the botanical garden
The students joined a botanical research project.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们参加了一个植物学研究项目。
botanical research
Botanical is most often used before garden, illustration, research, or name.
018
botany
▶ /ˈbɒtəni/ · n.
the scientific study of plants
植物学
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
n. 植物学
the scientific study of plants
常见表达 study botany a botany lesson
She chose botany because she is curious about wild flowers.
查看翻译和讲解 她选择植物学，因为她对野花很好奇。
study botany
Our botany lesson included drawing the parts of a leaf.
查看翻译和讲解 我们的植物学课包括画出叶子的各个部分。
botany lesson
Botany is an uncountable school subject, like biology or chemistry.
019
cell
▶ /sel/ · n.
the smallest living unit of an organism; a small enclosed compartment; a unit that produces electrical energy
细胞；小隔间；牢房；蜂房；电池；电池单元
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
n. 细胞
the smallest living unit of an organism
常见表达 a plant cell blood cells
Under the microscope, we could see the outline of each plant cell.
查看翻译和讲解 在显微镜下，我们能看见每个植物细胞的轮廓。
plant cell
Cell in biology names a basic living unit; many cells work together to form tissues.
n. 小隔间；牢房；蜂房
a small enclosed compartment
常见表达 a prison cell a honeycomb cell
The old prison cell had a small window high in the wall.
查看翻译和讲解 旧牢房的墙壁高处有一扇小窗。
cell: a small room
The bee placed nectar in a cell of the honeycomb.
查看翻译和讲解 蜜蜂把花蜜放进一个蜂房里。
cell: a honeycomb compartment
Cell can name a small room or a tiny compartment in a structure such as a honeycomb.
n. 电池；电池单元
a unit that produces electrical energy
常见表达 a solar cell a battery cell
A solar cell on the roof powers the small fan.
查看翻译和讲解 屋顶上的太阳能电池为小风扇供电。
solar cell
An electrical cell supplies energy; several cells can form a battery. The compound cellphone is an American word for mobile phone.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Cell may mean a small compartment; cellar means an underground storage room. They are not interchangeable room names.
020
mammal
▶ /ˈmæml/ · n. [C]
an animal that feeds its young with milk
哺乳动物
学习关联：从生物学认识植物学与生命类别，不将学科场景当同源。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 哺乳动物
an animal that feeds its young with milk
常见表达 marine mammal a small mammal mammal species
A whale is a marine mammal.
查看翻译和讲解 鲸是海洋哺乳动物。
marine mammal
The park protects several mammal species.
查看翻译和讲解 这个公园保护几种哺乳动物。
mammal species
Mammals include people, dogs, whales, and bats.
联想 biologist = biology + -ist，表示研究生物的人。可搭配 marine/wildlife/plant biologist。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 生物学家
研究动植物、微生物、人类或生态系统的科学家。
常见表达 a marine biologist a wildlife biologist a plant biologist work as a biologist
A marine biologist studies life in the ocean.
查看翻译和讲解 海洋生物学家研究海洋生命。
marine biologist。
The wildlife biologist followed the birds for a month.
查看翻译和讲解 这位野生动物生物学家跟踪这些鸟一个月。
wildlife biologist。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The scientist tested the water carefully.
scientist 是上位词。
The researcher wrote a report about insects.
researcher 范围更宽。
We study biology in the lab.
biology 是学科，biologist 是人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ist 常表示从事某领域的人。biologist 是 biology 的从业者。
Biology studies living things.
The team studied biological changes.
A biochemist studies chemical processes in cells.
词族导图 biology / biography 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 biochemistry = bio + chemistry，研究生命体内的化学过程，例如细胞、酶、蛋白质等。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 生物化学
研究生物体内化学物质和化学变化的学科。
常见表达 study biochemistry a biochemistry lab cell biochemistry medical biochemistry
Biochemistry explains how cells use energy.
查看翻译和讲解 生物化学解释细胞如何使用能量。
cell chemistry。
She hopes to study biochemistry at university.
查看翻译和讲解 她希望在大学学习生物化学。
study biochemistry。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Chemistry studies substances and reactions.
chemistry 范围更宽，不限生命体。
Biology studies living things.
biology 研究生命整体，biochemistry 研究生命中的化学过程。
A biochemist studies proteins in cells.
biochemist 是从事 biochemistry 的人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 bio = life; chemistry = 化学。biochemistry 是不可数名词。
The team measured biochemical changes.
A biochemist studies proteins.
Biology is the larger life-science field.
词族导图 biology / biography 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 biography = bio + graph，意思是“写一个人的一生”。它和 biology 都有 bio = life，但 biography 属阅读/写作，biology 属科学。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 传记作品
一本或一篇讲述某人一生的作品。
常见表达 read a biography write a biography a biography of a short biography
I read a biography of a famous doctor.
查看翻译和讲解 我读了一本著名医生的传记。
biography of。
The writer is working on a biography of the poet.
查看翻译和讲解 这位作家正在写那位诗人的传记。
write/work on a biography。
n. [U] 传记文学
作为一种写作类型或文学类别的传记。
常见表达 modern biography biography as a genre study biography
Biography can help readers understand history through one life.
查看翻译和讲解 传记文学能帮助读者通过一个人的人生理解历史。
genre use。
Our reading group is studying biography this month.
查看翻译和讲解 我们的读书小组这个月在研究传记文学。
uncountable field。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The film tells the singer's life story.
life story 较口语。
Her autobiography describes her childhood.
autobiography 是自己写自己的一生。
Fiction can be based on imagination.
fiction 与真实人生写作形成体裁对比。
Biology studies living things.
biology 是科学学科，不是传记。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 bio = life; graph = write; -y 构成名词。auto- = self，所以 autobiography 是自传。
Her autobiography describes her childhood.
The novel has autobiographical details.
The biographer interviewed the scientist's family.
词族导图 biology / biography 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 card 的核心是“小而硬的纸片或塑料片”。不同语境里可以是名片、纸牌、信用卡或贺卡。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 卡片；名片；证件卡
用于写信息、证明身份或交换联系方式的卡片。
常见表达 business card ID card student card show a card
He gave me his business card after the meeting.
查看翻译和讲解 会后他给了我他的名片。
business card。
Please show your student card at the library door.
查看翻译和讲解 请在图书馆门口出示学生卡。
student card。
n. [C] 纸牌；信用卡；贺卡
可指游戏纸牌、付款卡或表达祝福的卡片。
常见表达 playing card credit card birthday card greeting card send a card
The children played a card game after dinner.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子们晚饭后玩了纸牌游戏。
card game。
She sent her grandmother a birthday card.
查看翻译和讲解 她给奶奶寄了一张生日贺卡。
birthday card。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Keep your ticket until the end of the trip.
ticket 也是小纸片，但用途是入场或乘车。
The chart shows monthly sales.
chart 与 card 形近，不是同义或派生。
词族线索 / 同组词
I sent a postcard from the beach.
postcard 是可邮寄的卡片。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 card 是基础词；postcard 是 post + card。cartoon/chart 只按教材记忆线和形近线比较，现代语义要分开。
I sent a postcard from the beach.
The cardholder signed the form.
We played a card game after dinner.
词族导图 card / cartoon / chart 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 postcard = post + card，是可以直接邮寄的明信片，常有风景图和简短留言。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 明信片
带图或空白背面的卡片，可写简短信息并邮寄。
常见表达 send a postcard write a postcard a postcard from picture postcard
I sent a postcard from the beach to my cousin.
查看翻译和讲解 我从海边给表弟寄了一张明信片。
send a postcard。
The postcard shows an old bridge in the city.
查看翻译和讲解 这张明信片展示了城里的一座老桥。
picture postcard。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
He wrote a long letter to his friend.
letter 通常更长、更正式。
Put a stamp on the postcard.
stamp 是邮寄明信片常用物。
词族线索 / 同组词
She wrote her phone number on a card.
postcard 是 card 的一种。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 post = 邮寄; card = 卡片。postcard 是透明复合词。
She sent a birthday card.
Please post the letter today.
词族导图 card / cartoon / chart 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 cartoon 可指一幅漫画，也可指动画片/卡通片。它和 card 有记忆联系，但现代意义要按漫画和动画掌握。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 漫画
常带幽默或讽刺意味的图画。
常见表达 draw a cartoon a funny cartoon political cartoon cartoon character
The newspaper printed a funny cartoon about school life.
查看翻译和讲解 报纸刊登了一幅关于校园生活的有趣漫画。
funny cartoon。
She drew a cartoon character for the class poster.
查看翻译和讲解 她为班级海报画了一个卡通人物。
cartoon character。
n. [C] 动画片；卡通片
用连续图像制作的动画节目或电影。
常见表达 watch a cartoon a cartoon film cartoon series
My little brother watches a cartoon after dinner.
查看翻译和讲解 我弟弟晚饭后看一部动画片。
watch a cartoon。
The cartoon film tells a story about friendship.
查看翻译和讲解 这部动画片讲述友谊的故事。
cartoon film。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The comic made everyone laugh.
comic 可指漫画作品或喜剧性的。
Animation can make drawings move.
animation 强调动画制作和形式。
The cartoonist drew a dog with huge eyes.
cartoonist 是画 cartoon 的人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 cartoon + -ist = cartoonist。cartoon 是作品，cartoonist 是人。
The cartoonist drew a funny picture.
The cartoon character became famous.
词族导图 card / cartoon / chart 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 cartoonist = cartoon + -ist，表示创作漫画的人。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 漫画家
画漫画或创作卡通形象的人。
常见表达 a famous cartoonist work as a cartoonist become a cartoonist draw cartoons
The cartoonist drew a dog with huge eyes.
查看翻译和讲解 漫画家画了一只大眼睛的狗。
cartoonist as person。
She wants to become a cartoonist for a children's magazine.
查看翻译和讲解 她想成为儿童杂志的漫画家。
become a cartoonist。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The artist painted a bright wall.
artist 范围更宽。
The illustrator drew pictures for the book.
illustrator 常为书籍等画插图。
The newspaper printed a cartoon.
cartoon 是作品，cartoonist 是人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ist 表示从事某事的人。cartoonist 是创作 cartoon 的人。
The cartoon made us laugh.
The cartoon character is popular.
词族导图 card / cartoon / chart 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 chart 可作名词表示图表、地图或海图，也可作动词表示记录变化、跟踪进展或制订路线计划。它和 graph 接近，但 chart 范围更宽。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 图表；地图；海图
用来展示数据、天气、路线或海域信息的图表/地图。
常见表达 a sales chart a weather chart a sea chart read a chart
The sales chart shows a clear rise in July.
查看翻译和讲解 销售图表显示七月明显上升。
sales chart。
The sailors checked the sea chart before leaving.
查看翻译和讲解 水手们出发前查看了海图。
sea chart。
vt. 记录；跟踪；制订计划
记录变化或进展，或规划路线、行动方案。
常见表达 chart progress chart changes chart a route chart a plan
The doctor charted the child's growth for a year.
查看翻译和讲解 医生记录了这个孩子一年的成长情况。
chart growth。
The team charted a new route through the mountains.
查看翻译和讲解 团队规划了一条穿越山区的新路线。
chart a route。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The graph shows daily temperature.
graph 更偏数据曲线/柱状图。
The map shows the road to the lake.
map 偏地理位置；chart 可指海图或数据图表。
词族线索 / 同组词
The ship entered uncharted waters.
uncharted 是源词相关形容词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 chart 可名词可动词；un- + charted = uncharted，表示未被标在图上的、未知的。
The route was charted years ago.
They crossed uncharted land.
A flow chart explains the steps.
词族导图 card / cartoon / chart 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 victory 是“胜利/成功”这个结果本身。可数时是一场胜利；不可数时泛指胜利这一状态。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 胜利；成功
比赛、战斗、选举或困难任务中的成功结果。
常见表达 win a victory a narrow victory a great victory victory over sb. lead to victory
The team won a narrow victory in the final.
查看翻译和讲解 这支队伍在决赛中险胜。
narrow victory。
Hard work led them to victory in the science contest.
查看翻译和讲解 努力使他们在科学竞赛中获胜。
lead to victory。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The plan was a success.
success 范围更宽，不一定是比赛胜利。
The rescue was a triumph of teamwork.
triumph 更强烈、更正式。
The defeat taught the team an important lesson.
defeat 可作失败名词，也可作击败动词。
The victors returned in triumph.
victor 是取得 victory 的人。
The evidence convinced her of his honesty.
convince 有 vince 记忆线，但现代义不是 victory 的近义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 vict/vinc 可帮助记“战胜”。victory 是结果，victor 是人，convince 是让别人信服。
The victor shook hands with his opponent.
The victorious players thanked their coach.
The facts convinced the students.
词族导图 victory / victor / convince 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 victor 是“胜利者”，强调获胜的一方或人。它比 winner 更正式一些，常出现在比赛、战争或正式报道中。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 胜利者
比赛、争斗或竞争中获胜的人、团队或一方。
常见表达 the victor of return as victor victor and loser the final victor
The victors returned in triumph.
查看翻译和讲解 胜利者凯旋。
victor in plural form。
At the end of the race, one runner stood as the clear victor.
查看翻译和讲解 比赛结束时，一名跑者成为明确的胜利者。
victor of a race。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The winner received a medal.
winner 更常用；victor 更正式。
The champion trained every day.
champion 常指冠军头衔。
The loser still shook hands politely.
loser 与 victor 相反。
The team won a narrow victory.
victory 是结果，victor 是人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 victor 与 victory 同属 vict 胜利线。-or 常可表示执行动作的人。
The victory came after a hard game.
The victorious team sang loudly.
词族导图 victory / victor / convince 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 convince 的核心是“让别人心里相信”。常用 convince sb. of sth.、convince sb. that...，也可用 convince sb. to do sth. 表示说服某人做某事。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 使确信；使相信
让某人相信某件事是真的。
常见表达 convince sb. of sth. convince sb. that be convinced of be convinced that
Robert's expression convinced her of his innocence.
查看翻译和讲解 罗伯特的表情使她相信他是清白的。
convince sb. of sth.。
The clear data convinced us that the plan could work.
查看翻译和讲解 清晰的数据使我们相信这个计划可行。
convince sb. that。
vt. 说服
让某人同意去做某事或接受某个决定。
常见表达 convince sb. to do sth. try to convince sb. convince the team
She convinced her parents to let her join the trip.
查看翻译和讲解 她说服父母让她参加这次旅行。
convince sb. to do。
The captain convinced the team to keep practicing.
查看翻译和讲解 队长说服队伍继续训练。
persuade to act。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
He persuaded his friend to try again.
persuade 更强调让对方采取行动。
She assured me that the door was locked.
assure 常带保证语气。
I began to doubt the story.
doubt 与相信相反。
I am convinced that he is right.
convinced 是形容词，表示已相信。
The team won a narrow victory.
victory 只提供 vince 记忆线，不是 convince 的近义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 con- 可加强意义；vince 有“战胜/使服”的记忆线。convince 的现代重点是 belief 和 persuasion。
She was convinced of his honesty.
The speaker gave a convincing reason.
He explained the answer convincingly.
词族导图 victory / victor / convince 暂无配套词族导图图片；先使用本页的用法、例句和关系提示学习。
联想 mouth 先记身体部位“嘴/口”，再扩展到“入口、河口”和“需要供养的人口”。作动词时是嘴唇动但不发声地说。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 嘴；口
人或动物脸上用来吃饭、说话、呼吸的开口，也可指容器等的口。
常见表达 open your mouth cover your mouth with your mouth full the mouth of a bottle
The dentist asked me to open my mouth wide.
查看翻译和讲解 牙医让我把嘴张大。
open one's mouth。
Please cover your mouth when you cough.
查看翻译和讲解 咳嗽时请捂住嘴。
cover one's mouth。
n. [C] 人口；需要供养的人
口语或书面语中可用 mouth 表示家里、团队中需要吃饭和供养的人。
常见表达 six mouths to feed another mouth to feed
The farmer had five mouths to feed at home.
查看翻译和讲解 这位农民家里有五口人要养活。
mouths to feed。
A new baby means another mouth to feed.
查看翻译和讲解 新生儿意味着又多了一张吃饭的嘴。
another mouth to feed。
n. [C] 入海口；河口
河流进入海洋、湖泊或更大水域的地方。
常见表达 the mouth of a river near the river mouth at the mouth of
The town stands near the mouth of the river.
查看翻译和讲解 这座城镇位于河口附近。
river mouth。
Many birds live at the mouth of the river.
查看翻译和讲解 许多鸟生活在这条河的入海口。
at the mouth of。
vt. 不出声地说
只动嘴唇表达词语，别人看得到口型但听不到声音。
常见表达 mouth the words mouth an answer mouth silently
He mouthed the answer without making a sound.
查看翻译和讲解 他没有出声，只用口型说出了答案。
mouth the answer。
She mouthed the words so that only I could understand.
查看翻译和讲解 她用口型说出那些词，只有我能明白。
mouth the words。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The cave opening was very small.
opening 可指任何开口；mouth 更常用于嘴或河口。
We waited at the entrance to the hall.
entrance 强调进入处；mouth 可指自然开口或河口。
He kept a closed mouth during the meeting.
closed mouth 是状态对比，不是一个独立单词反义词。
My uncle grew a neat moustache.
moustache 长在嘴上方，不等于 mouth。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 mouth 的多义来自“开口”：身体开口、容器开口、河流出口；mouths to feed 则由“嘴”转到“要吃饭的人”。
The actor wore a false moustache.
He took a mouthful of water.
The guide learned mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.
词族导图 mouth / moustache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 moustache 是长在上唇上方的小胡子，位置和 mouth 有记忆联系，但词义是 facial hair，不是“嘴”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 上唇的胡子；小胡子
长在男性上唇上方的胡子，可描述形状、颜色或真假。
常见表达 grow a moustache wear a moustache a neat moustache a thin moustache a false moustache
My grandfather had a neat grey moustache.
查看翻译和讲解 我祖父留着整齐的灰色小胡子。
a neat moustache。
The actor wore a false moustache for the play.
查看翻译和讲解 那位演员为了演出戴了假胡子。
a false moustache。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Mustache is the common American spelling.
mustache 是美式拼写；moustache 是英式拼写。
A beard and a moustache are types of facial hair.
facial hair 是上位词，范围比 moustache 大。
He has a beard but no moustache.
beard 通常在下巴或脸颊；moustache 在上唇。
He appeared with a clean-shaven face.
clean-shaven face 是状态对比，表示没有胡子。
Please cover your mouth when you cough.
moustache 位于 mouth 上方，但不是 mouth 的同义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 可用 mouth -> moustache 帮助定位：moustache 是嘴唇上方的胡子。注意拼写中 moust- 不是 mouth 的常规派生。
The dentist asked me to open my mouth wide.
The word mustache is common in American English.
His beard was longer than his moustache.
词族导图 mouth / moustache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sun 可指天空中的“太阳”，也可指“阳光/日光”。the sun 强调天体；in the sun 强调在阳光下。
意思、用法与例句
n. [the ~] 太阳
给地球带来光和热的恒星，常和 the 连用。
常见表达 the sun rises the sun sets around the sun the morning sun
The sun rose over the hills at six.
查看翻译和讲解 六点钟太阳从山丘上升起。
the sun rises。
Earth goes around the sun once a year.
查看翻译和讲解 地球每年绕太阳运行一周。
around the sun。
n. [U] 阳光；日光
太阳照射出的光和热，不可数。
常见表达 in the sun sit in the sun strong sun keep out of the sun
Do not read too long in the strong sun.
查看翻译和讲解 不要在强烈阳光下读太久。
strong sun。
The cat was sleeping in the sun.
查看翻译和讲解 那只猫正在阳光下睡觉。
in the sun。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Sunlight came through the window.
sunlight 更明确指自然光。
The children played in the sunshine.
sunshine 常带温暖、愉快的感觉。
The moon was bright at night.
moon 是夜空中的月亮，不是太阳的严格反义词。
We sat in the shade after lunch.
shade 是避开阳光的地方。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sun 是核心词。sunny 是形容词，sunlight/sunshine 是复合名词，solar 来自 sol=太阳，常用于科学或能源语境。
The room was full of sunshine.
Solar energy can heat water.
词族导图 sun 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 moon 先指地球的月球/月亮；说 full moon、new moon 时指月相；科学语境中也可泛指行星的卫星。
意思、用法与例句
n. [the ~] 月球；月亮
绕地球运行、夜晚可见的自然天体，常和 the 连用。
常见表达 the moon rises look at the moon rocks from the moon
A full moon shone above the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 一轮满月照在湖面上方。
full moon。
Scientists study rocks from the moon.
查看翻译和讲解 科学家研究来自月球的岩石。
from the moon。
n. [sing.] 月相
月亮在天空中呈现出的形状或阶段。
常见表达 a full moon a new moon the shape of the moon
The new moon is hard to see tonight.
查看翻译和讲解 今晚新月很难看见。
new moon。
The children drew the changing shape of the moon.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子们画了月相变化。
shape of the moon。
n. [C] 卫星
绕行星运行的天然卫星。
常见表达 a moon of Jupiter planet and moon many moons
Jupiter has many moons.
查看翻译和讲解 木星有许多卫星。
many moons。
The book describes a small moon of Saturn.
查看翻译和讲解 这本书描述了土星的一颗小卫星。
moon of a planet。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The satellite moves around the planet.
satellite 可指天然或人造卫星；moon 多指天然卫星。
A lunar body may have no air.
lunar body 更正式、更科学。
The sun gives Earth light and heat.
sun 与 moon 是日/月对照，不是严格反义。
The project will finish next month.
month 的时间概念来自月相周期记忆线。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 moon 与 month 的记忆联系来自月亮圆缺周期；lunar 是形容词，表示月亮/月球的。
February is the shortest month.
The club holds a monthly meeting.
The lunar surface is covered with dust.
词族导图 moon 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
036
mooncake
▶ /ˈmuːnkeɪk/ · n.
a round cake traditionally eaten at the Mid-Autumn Festival
月饼
学习关联：mooncake（月饼）由 moon（月亮）+ cake 构成。
意思、用法与例句
n. 月饼
a round cake traditionally eaten at the Mid-Autumn Festival
常见表达 eat mooncakes a box of mooncakes
We eat mooncakes with tea.
查看翻译和讲解 我们吃月饼配茶。
eat mooncakes
She gave us a box of mooncakes.
查看翻译和讲解 她给了我们一盒月饼。
a box of mooncakes
mooncake 是可数名词；复数为 mooncakes。
联想 sunny 描述天气或地方“阳光充足”，也可形容人或笑容“快乐开朗”。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 阳光充足的
天气、地方或时段有很多阳光。
常见表达 a sunny day sunny weather a sunny room a sunny afternoon
We had a picnic on a sunny afternoon.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在一个阳光明媚的下午野餐。
sunny afternoon。
The kitchen is warm and sunny in the morning.
查看翻译和讲解 厨房早晨温暖而阳光充足。
sunny place。
adj. 快乐的；开朗的
形容人的性格、笑容或态度明朗愉快。
常见表达 a sunny smile a sunny character a sunny mood
Her sunny smile made the room feel warmer.
查看翻译和讲解 她开朗的笑容让房间感觉更温暖。
sunny smile。
He kept a sunny mood even on a hard day.
查看翻译和讲解 即使在艰难的一天，他也保持开朗的心情。
sunny mood。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The room is bright in the morning.
bright 强调明亮；sunny 强调有阳光。
She gave us a cheerful smile.
cheerful 只描述情绪或性格。
It was cloudy all afternoon.
cloudy 与 sunny 的天气义相反。
He felt gloomy after the news.
gloomy 可与 sunny 的情绪义形成对比。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sun + -y 形成 sunny，表示“充满阳光的”，再由明亮感转到“快乐开朗”。
Sunshine filled the room.
词族导图 sun 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sunlight 强调从太阳来的自然光，语气较中性、客观，常和 plants、window、bright 搭配。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 阳光；日光
来自太阳的自然光，通常不可数。
常见表达 bright sunlight direct sunlight in the sunlight need sunlight
Sunlight came through the classroom window.
查看翻译和讲解 阳光透过教室窗户照进来。
sunlight through a window。
Plants need water and sunlight to grow.
查看翻译和讲解 植物生长需要水和阳光。
need sunlight。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We enjoyed the warm sunshine.
sunshine 常带温暖愉快感；sunlight 更客观。
We worked by daylight.
daylight 指白天的自然光，不一定强调太阳直射。
The room was in darkness.
darkness 与 light 相反。
The sun rose early.
sun 是来源或天体，sunlight 是光。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sun + light 是透明复合词，表示太阳发出的 light。
The children sat in the sunshine.
词族导图 sun 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sunshine 与 sunlight 都是阳光，但 sunshine 更常带“温暖、舒服、愉快”的感觉，也可比喻带来快乐的人或事。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 阳光；日光
太阳的光和热，常给人温暖或愉快的感觉。
常见表达 warm sunshine bright sunshine in the sunshine enjoy the sunshine
The children sat in the sunshine after lunch.
查看翻译和讲解 午饭后孩子们坐在阳光下。
in the sunshine。
We enjoyed the warm sunshine by the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在湖边享受温暖的阳光。
warm sunshine。
n. [U] 快乐感；温暖感
比喻使人感到快乐、温暖的人或事。
常见表达 bring sunshine a ray of sunshine
Her letter brought a little sunshine to my day.
查看翻译和讲解 她的信给我这一天带来了一点快乐。
bring sunshine。
The little girl was a ray of sunshine in the family.
查看翻译和讲解 这个小女孩是家里的快乐源泉。
a ray of sunshine。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Sunlight came through the glass.
sunlight 更客观；sunshine 更温暖、更愉快。
The fire gave us warmth.
warmth 不是光，只强调温暖感。
The bad news filled the room with gloom.
gloom 与 sunshine 的快乐感相反。
Darkness fell after sunset.
darkness 与阳光相反。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sun + shine 表示太阳照耀出的光。可从自然阳光延伸到“让人快乐的东西”。
Sunlight warmed the floor.
词族导图 sun 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 solar 是形容词，常用于科学、能源和历法语境。solar energy 是太阳能；solar calendar 和 lunar calendar 形成阳历/阴历对比。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 太阳的
与太阳有关的，常用于天文或历法。
常见表达 the solar system solar calendar solar activity
We drew the solar system in science class.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在科学课上画了太阳系。
solar system。
The solar calendar is based on the movement of the sun.
查看翻译和讲解 阳历以太阳运动为基础。
solar calendar。
adj. 太阳能的
利用太阳能工作的或与太阳能有关的。
常见表达 solar energy solar power solar panels a solar still
The village uses solar energy to heat water.
查看翻译和讲解 这个村庄利用太阳能加热水。
solar energy。
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.
查看翻译和讲解 太阳能蒸馏器通过在塑料下形成温室来工作。
solar still。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The lamp is sun-powered.
sun-powered 更口语；solar 更正式。
This is a sun-related activity.
sun-related 范围宽，solar 更常用于科学和技术。
The lunar calendar follows the moon.
lunar 与 solar 在历法和天体来源上形成对比。
The sun gives light and heat.
sun 是名词；solar 是形容词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sol = sun，-ar = of。solar 表示“太阳的/太阳能的”，常见于 solar system、solar energy、solar calendar。
The sun gives Earth heat.
Earth is part of the solar system.
The lunar calendar follows the moon.
词族导图 sun 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 month 是可数时间名词，既可指日历上的月份，也可指大约四周的一段时间。可用 moon 的圆缺周期帮助记忆。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 月；月份
一年中的一个月份，或大约四周的一段时间。
常见表达 next month last month every month a month later the month of May
The project will finish next month.
查看翻译和讲解 这个项目将在下个月完成。
next month。
February is the shortest month of the year.
查看翻译和讲解 二月是一年中最短的月份。
month of the year。
She came back a month later.
查看翻译和讲解 她一个月后回来了。
a month later。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A month is a calendar period.
calendar period 是解释性上位词，不是日常同义词。
There are seven days in a week.
week 比 month 短。
There are twelve months in a year.
year 比 month 长。
The moon changes shape during a month.
moon 帮助记忆 month，但二者词义不同。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 month 可借 moon 的圆缺周期记忆；monthly = month + -ly，可作形容词、副词或名词。
Our rent is paid monthly.
The moon was bright tonight.
词族导图 moon 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 monthly 有三种词性：作形容词放在名词前，作副词修饰动作频率，作名词表示月刊。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 每月的；每月一次的
每个月发生一次或与每月安排有关。
常见表达 a monthly meeting monthly report monthly payment
The class holds a monthly reading meeting.
查看翻译和讲解 这个班每月举行一次阅读会。
monthly + noun。
Please send me the monthly report by Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 请在周五前把月度报告发给我。
monthly report。
adv. 每月；每月一次
说明动作发生的频率是每月一次。
常见表达 pay monthly meet monthly be published monthly
She gets paid monthly.
查看翻译和讲解 她按月领薪水。
pay monthly。
The club meets monthly in the library.
查看翻译和讲解 这个社团每月在图书馆聚会一次。
meet monthly。
n. [C] 月刊
每月出版一次的杂志或刊物。
常见表达 a monthly a science monthly read a monthly
This science monthly is popular with students.
查看翻译和讲解 这本科学月刊很受学生欢迎。
a monthly。
The library buys several monthlies for young readers.
查看翻译和讲解 图书馆为年轻读者购买了几种月刊。
plural monthlies。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We meet every month.
every month 常作短语；monthly 可作形容词或副词。
The test is held once a month.
once a month 更口语明确。
The shop opens daily.
daily 是每天频率。
The school holds a yearly festival.
yearly 是每年频率。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 monthly = month + -ly。-ly 在这里可形成形容词或副词；作名词时表示每月出版的刊物。
The course lasts one month.
The monthly payment is low.
She writes for a monthly magazine.
词族导图 moon 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 lunar 是正式形容词，表示“月亮/月球的”。常见 lunar calendar、lunar surface、lunar New Year，并常与 solar 对照。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 月亮的；月球的
与月亮、月球或以月相为基础的历法有关。
常见表达 lunar calendar lunar surface lunar New Year lunar rocks
The lunar calendar is still used for many festivals.
查看翻译和讲解 阴历仍用于许多节日。
lunar calendar。
The astronauts collected rocks from the lunar surface.
查看翻译和讲解 宇航员从月球表面采集岩石。
lunar surface。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This is a moon-related story.
moon-related 更口语宽泛；lunar 更正式。
The moon was high in the sky.
moon 是名词；lunar 是形容词。
The solar calendar follows the sun.
solar 与 lunar 在日/月、阳历/阴历上对照。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 lun/luna 表示 moon。lunar 是形容词，和 solar 一样常用于科学、历法和正式表达。
The moon looks bright tonight.
The festival follows the lunar calendar.
Solar energy comes from the sun.
词族导图 moon 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
学习关联：lunar calendar（农历）以 lunar（月亮的）为透明构词成分。
意思、用法与例句
n. 农历
a calendar based on the cycles of the moon
常见表达 the lunar calendar lunar calendar date
The festival date follows the lunar calendar.
查看翻译和讲解 节日日期遵循农历。
the lunar calendar
Write the lunar calendar date beside it.
查看翻译和讲解 在旁边写下农历日期。
lunar calendar date
lunar calendar 前常用 the。
联想 letter 先分两类可数义：一个字母、一封信。letters 作复数时可在正式语境指文学或文人学问；to the letter 表示不折不扣地照做。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 字母
组成单词的书写符号。
常见表达 capital letter small letter the letter A write in letters
Write your name in capital letters.
查看翻译和讲解 请用大写字母写你的名字。
capital letters。
The word begins with the letter B.
查看翻译和讲解 这个单词以字母 B 开头。
the letter B。
n. [C] 信；函
写给某人的纸质或正式信息。
常见表达 write a letter receive a letter a letter from a letter to
I received a letter from my cousin.
查看翻译和讲解 我收到表亲的一封信。
a letter from。
She wrote a letter to thank her teacher.
查看翻译和讲解 她写信感谢老师。
write a letter to。
n. [-s] 文学；文人学问
正式或旧式表达中，letters 可指文学或文学修养。
常见表达 a man of letters arts and letters Chinese letters
He was known as a man of letters.
查看翻译和讲解 他以文人身份闻名。
a man of letters。
The prize honors work in arts and letters.
查看翻译和讲解 该奖项表彰艺术和文学方面的作品。
arts and letters。
phrase to the letter：不折不扣
完全按照规定或指示执行。
常见表达 follow sth. to the letter obey rules to the letter
Follow the safety rules to the letter.
查看翻译和讲解 要不折不扣遵守安全规则。
to the letter。
The team carried out the plan to the letter.
查看翻译和讲解 团队完全按计划执行。
carry out to the letter。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Each alphabet sign has a sound.
alphabet sign 是解释性说法。
The mail message arrived yesterday.
mail message 强调通信信息。
Write the number beside the letter.
number 与 letter 在符号类别上对比。
I sent an email instead of a letter.
email 是电子形式，letter 常指信函。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 letter 是本组记忆入口。literal/literally 走“字面/按字面”线；literary/literature 走“文学/作品”线。
The literal meaning is simple.
The word literally means fire.
She joined a literary club.
We read Chinese literature.
词族导图 letter 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 literal 强调“照字面、照原文”，常和 meaning、translation 搭配；它和 figurative 比，后者是比喻义。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 字面意义的
按词语最基本、最直接的意义理解。
常见表达 literal meaning literal sense take sth. literally
The literal meaning of the phrase is easy to understand.
查看翻译和讲解 这个短语的字面意思很容易理解。
literal meaning。
Do not take every joke in a literal sense.
查看翻译和讲解 不要按字面意思理解每个玩笑。
literal sense。
adj. 完全按原文的
翻译或表达时逐字照搬原文。
常见表达 a literal translation too literal literal copy
A literal translation may sound strange in English.
查看翻译和讲解 逐字翻译在英语里可能听起来奇怪。
literal translation。
The student gave a literal copy of the sentence.
查看翻译和讲解 这个学生照原句逐字抄写。
literal copy。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This is a word-for-word translation.
word-for-word 更强调逐字对应。
Give me the exact words.
exact 范围更宽，不只用于字面意义。
The phrase has a figurative meaning.
figurative 与 literal 相反。
This is a free translation.
free translation 不逐字照原文。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 literal 来自 letter 线，核心是 letters/words 的原样意义。literally 是副词。
The sign literally says stop.
The word has six letters.
词族导图 letter 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 literally 先表示“按字面地”，再表示“确实地/真正地”。口语中也可加强语气，相当于“简直”，但正式写作中要谨慎。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 按字面；字面上
按照词语最直接的意义。
常见表达 literally means take sth. literally literally translated
The word literally means light writing.
查看翻译和讲解 这个词按字面意思是“光写作”。
literally means。
The sentence should not be translated literally.
查看翻译和讲解 这个句子不应逐字翻译。
translated literally。
adv. 确实地；真正地
强调事情是真实发生或确实如此。
常见表达 literally true literally happen literally no time
It is literally true that he walked ten kilometers.
查看翻译和讲解 他确实走了十公里，这是真的。
literally true。
There was literally no time to rest.
查看翻译和讲解 确实没有时间休息。
literally no time。
adv. 简直
用于加强语气，常见于口语或非正式表达。
常见表达 literally cried literally everywhere literally thousands
The hall was literally full of students.
查看翻译和讲解 大厅里简直挤满了学生。
emphasis。
I was so tired that I literally fell asleep at the desk.
查看翻译和讲解 我累得简直在书桌前睡着了。
strong emphasis。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
That is exactly what I meant.
exactly 强调准确；literally 强调字面或真实性。
I really need your help.
really 更口语，范围更宽。
He used the word figuratively.
figuratively 与 literally 的字面义相反。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 literal + -ly = literally。注意它既可表示按字面，也可用于强调真实或强烈程度。
A literal meaning is direct.
词族导图 letter 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 literary 是形容词，修饰 works、club、magazine、language 等，表示文学相关或文学性强。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 文学的；文学上的
与文学作品、文学研究或严肃写作有关。
常见表达 literary works literary history literary style literary magazine
Several literary works from the Tang dynasty appeared in the reading list.
查看翻译和讲解 阅读书单中出现了几部唐代文学作品。
literary works。
The article discusses the writer's literary style.
查看翻译和讲解 这篇文章讨论那位作家的文学风格。
literary style。
adj. 爱好文学的；用于文学作品的
形容人、群体或语言具有文学兴趣或文学用途。
常见表达 a literary club literary people literary language
She joined a literary club at school.
查看翻译和讲解 她加入了学校的文学社。
literary club。
Some literary language is hard for young readers.
查看翻译和讲解 有些文学语言对年轻读者来说较难。
literary language。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Written language can be formal.
written 范围更宽，不一定是文学。
He has a bookish style.
bookish 可指人或风格，带书卷气。
The text is nonliterary but useful.
nonliterary 表示不属于文学类。
The literal meaning is clear.
literal 是字面义，不是 literary 文学义。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 literary 与 literature 同属文学线。注意 literal 是字面线，不是 literary 的同义词。
We read modern literature.
The word has six letters.
词族导图 letter 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 literature 是不可数名词。可指文学和文学作品，也可指某学科、某主题的文献资料，常用 literature on sth.。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 文学；文学作品
小说、诗歌、戏剧等有文学价值的作品总称。
常见表达 Chinese literature English literature modern literature study literature
We read modern Chinese literature this term.
查看翻译和讲解 这学期我们阅读中国现代文学。
Chinese literature。
English literature includes novels, poems, and plays.
查看翻译和讲解 英国文学包括小说、诗歌和戏剧。
literature includes。
n. [U] 文献；资料
关于某一学科或主题的已发表研究、著作或资料。
常见表达 literature on sth. scientific literature medical literature search the literature
There is a lot of literature on sleep and memory.
查看翻译和讲解 关于睡眠和记忆有大量文献。
literature on。
The students searched the scientific literature before writing.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们写作前查阅了科学文献。
scientific literature。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
These written works are famous.
written works 是上位解释。
The shelf is full of books.
books 更具体可数；literature 多不可数。
Research writing can be difficult.
只对应 literature 的文献义。
The chart uses nonfiction data.
用于提示 literature 不等于所有资料。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 literature 是文学线核心名词；literary 是形容词，literal/literally 是字面线。
The club studies literary works.
Literal meaning is direct.
词族导图 letter 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 deep 的核心是“往里、往下很远”。它可描述物理深度，也可转到呼吸、声音、思想、睡眠和内心深处。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 深的；深处的
从表面到里面或底部距离大，也可指位置很靠里。
常见表达 a deep river deep water a deep hole deep in the forest
The river is too deep for children to swim across.
查看翻译和讲解 这条河太深，孩子们不能游过去。
deep water。
They found a small house deep in the forest.
查看翻译和讲解 他们在森林深处发现了一座小房子。
deep in。
adj. 深呼吸；低沉声音；深奥问题
描述呼吸很充分、声音低沉，或思想和问题难理解、有深度。
常见表达 take a deep breath a deep voice a deep question deep meaning
Take a deep breath before you speak.
查看翻译和讲解 说话前先深吸一口气。
deep breath。
The poem has a deep meaning that students discussed for a long time.
查看翻译和讲解 这首诗含义深奥，学生们讨论了很久。
deep meaning。
adj. / adv. 酣睡的；深深地；在深处
作形容词可指睡得很沉；作副词常用于具体空间或时间深处。
常见表达 deep sleep sleep deep go deep into deep down
The baby was in a deep sleep after the long trip.
查看翻译和讲解 长途旅行后，婴儿睡得很沉。
deep sleep。
Deep down, he knew the decision was right.
查看翻译和讲解 在内心深处，他知道这个决定是对的。
deep down。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The book gave us a profound lesson.
profound 更正式，多用于思想、影响或感受。
He spoke in a low voice.
low 只对应声音或高度，不覆盖 deep 的全部意义。
The water is shallow near the bank.
shallow 与 deep 的物理或思想深度相反。
This is a simple question.
simple 可与 deep question 的深奥义对比。
She was deeply moved by the story.
deeply 常用于抽象感受；deep 作副词多用于具体深度或 deep down。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 deep 是本组核心词；deeply 是副词，depth 是名词，dip 是记忆线索提示的同源异体线，但现代意义要按“蘸/下降”单独掌握。
We were deeply moved by the film.
Measure the depth of the pool.
Dip the brush into water.
词族导图 deep 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 deeply 常修饰抽象感受、信念、影响和关心。要注意：deep 作副词多用于具体深度，deeply 多用于抽象意义。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 深深地；强烈地
表示感受、关心、影响或信念程度很深。
常见表达 deeply moved deeply worried deeply affected care deeply about
The students were deeply moved by the old man's story.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们被那位老人的故事深深打动。
deeply moved。
She cares deeply about protecting the river.
查看翻译和讲解 她非常关心保护这条河。
care deeply about。
adv. 与 deep 作副词的区别
deeply 偏抽象强度；deep 作副词更常指具体空间、时间或 deep down。
常见表达 think deeply feel deeply go deep into deep down
He thought deeply before answering the question.
查看翻译和讲解 回答问题前，他进行了深入思考。
think deeply。
The roots go deep into the dry ground.
查看翻译和讲解 根深深扎进干燥的土地。
deep as concrete depth。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
I strongly agree with your idea.
strongly 范围更宽；deeply 常带情感或抽象深度。
We greatly enjoyed the show.
greatly 是一般程度副词。
She was only slightly worried.
slightly 与 deeply 的强度相反。
Do not take this lightly.
lightly 可在程度或态度上与 deeply 对比。
Deep down, he felt proud.
deep 可作形容词或具体副词；deeply 是抽象程度副词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 deep + -ly = deeply。-ly 形成副词，常把 deep 的“深”转为情感、思考或影响的程度。
The story has emotional depth.
词族导图 deep 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 depth 是 deep 的名词，既可指具体深度，也可指最深处、极限，还可表示感情、知识、颜色或声音的强度。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 深度
从表面到底部或内部的距离，可数或不可数。
常见表达 the depth of water measure the depth at a depth of in depth
The guide measured the depth of the water.
查看翻译和讲解 向导测量了水的深度。
measure the depth。
The fish live at a depth of 200 meters.
查看翻译和讲解 这种鱼生活在 200 米深处。
at a depth of。
n. [C, often pl.] 最深处；深渊；极限
某处最深的部分，或某种状态的极端程度。
常见表达 in the depths of the sea the depths of winter the depths of despair
Strange animals live in the depths of the sea.
查看翻译和讲解 奇特的动物生活在海洋深处。
depths of the sea。
They helped each other in the depths of winter.
查看翻译和讲解 他们在隆冬时节互相帮助。
depths of winter。
n. [U] 浓度；强度；深刻性
声音、颜色、情感或思想的强度和深刻程度。
常见表达 emotional depth depth of feeling depth of color depth of knowledge
The novel has great emotional depth.
查看翻译和讲解 这部小说有很强的情感深度。
emotional depth。
The dark blue wall gives the room depth of color.
查看翻译和讲解 深蓝色墙面让房间有了色彩深度。
depth of color。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Deepness is less common than depth.
deepness 可理解但不如 depth 常用。
The strength of the tea surprised me.
strength 只对应强度义。
The shallowness of the pool made it safe.
shallowness 与 depth 相反。
Leaves floated on the surface.
surface 是表面位置，与 depth 的深处形成对比。
The river is deep.
depth 是名词，deep 是形容词或副词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 depth = de(e)p + -th。-th 可表示“……度”，如 length、width、breadth。
Measure the length of the table.
The width of the road is ten meters.
The course has breadth and depth.
词族导图 deep 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 dip 的动作感是“短暂往下/往里一下”。可指把东西蘸进液体，也可指数量下降；dip into 可表示把手伸进、翻阅或浏览。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 浸；蘸
把东西短暂放入液体或某物中再拿出。
常见表达 dip sth. in/into dip bread into soup dip a brush in water
Dip the brush into clean water before you paint.
查看翻译和讲解 画画前先把刷子蘸进清水。
dip into liquid。
He dipped the bread in the soup.
查看翻译和讲解 他把面包蘸进汤里。
dip in。
vi. / n. 减少；降低；短暂下降
数量、温度、价格或水平短时间下降。
常见表达 prices dip temperature dips a slight dip dip below
Temperatures dipped below zero last night.
查看翻译和讲解 昨晚气温降到零度以下。
dip below。
There was a slight dip in sales after the holiday.
查看翻译和讲解 假期后销售额略有下降。
a slight dip。
phr. dip into：伸进；翻阅；浏览
把手伸进某处取东西，或短暂翻看一本书、资料等。
常见表达 dip into a bag dip into a book dip into savings
She dipped into her bag and took out a key.
查看翻译和讲解 她把手伸进包里拿出一把钥匙。
dip into a bag。
I dipped into the book before deciding to read it.
查看翻译和讲解 决定阅读前，我先翻看了一下这本书。
dip into a book。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Immerse the cloth in warm water.
immerse 通常表示较完全或较长时间浸入；dip 更短暂。
The number may drop next week.
drop 更通用；dip 常指短暂小幅下降。
Prices may rise in summer.
rise 与下降义的 dip 相反。
The number increased again.
increase 与数量下降义相反。
The water is deep near the bridge.
记忆线索提示同源异体，但现代 dip 不是 deep 的同义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 记忆线索提示 dip 是 deep 的同源异体词，可用“往下/往里”的动作感帮助记忆；现代重点是短暂浸入、下降和 dip into。
He dipped into the magazine.
A dipper can take water from a bucket.
词族导图 deep 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 decorate 是及物动词，核心是“给某物加上装饰，让它更好看”。要注意它不用双宾语，常用 decorate sth. with sth.。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 装饰；装潢
给房间、建筑、物品或食物加装饰，使其更美观。
常见表达 decorate a room decorate sth. with sth. decorate a cake decorate for a festival
Students decorated the classroom with paper flowers.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们用纸花装饰教室。
decorate sth. with sth.。
They decorated the hall for the school festival.
查看翻译和讲解 他们为学校节日装饰大厅。
decorate for an event。
The cake was decorated with fresh fruit.
查看翻译和讲解 蛋糕上装饰着新鲜水果。
be decorated with。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The walls were adorned with old photos.
adorn 更正式，常用于书面语。
Trees can beautify a street.
beautify 强调结果变美，不一定指挂装饰物。
Workers stripped the old paint from the door.
strip 强调去除表层或装饰。
We left the wall plain.
plain 是状态对比，不是 decorate 的动词反义词。
The red decorations looked bright.
decoration 是名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 decorate 与 decoration 是真实动词-名词关系。decent 只在同图中作形近/记忆对照，不能当成 decorate 的派生词。
The room decoration was simple.
The plate is decorative, not useful.
A decorator helped paint the house.
词族导图 decorate / decoration / decent 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 decoration 可不可数，表示“装饰/装潢”；也常作复数 decorations，表示具体装饰品。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 装饰；装潢
装饰这个行为、风格或整体效果。
常见表达 room decoration interior decoration simple decoration need decoration
Good decoration can make a small room feel warm.
查看翻译和讲解 好的装饰能让小房间显得温暖。
uncountable use。
The hotel is famous for its simple interior decoration.
查看翻译和讲解 这家酒店以简洁的室内装潢闻名。
interior decoration。
n. [C, usually pl.] 装饰品
用来装饰的具体物品，常用复数。
常见表达 Christmas decorations birthday decorations put up decorations paper decorations
Red decorations covered the school gate.
查看翻译和讲解 红色装饰品挂满了校门。
decorations as things。
We put up birthday decorations before the guests arrived.
查看翻译和讲解 客人到来前，我们挂好了生日装饰品。
put up decorations。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A small ornament stood on the desk.
ornament 多指具体装饰物。
The flowers were used as adornment.
adornment 更正式。
The plainness of the room made it calm.
plainness 与装饰效果相反。
They decorate the room every spring.
decorate 是动词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 decoration = decorate 的名词形式。-ion 常可把动词变成动作或结果名词。
They decorated the classroom.
The decorative lights were bright.
The decorator chose warm colors.
词族导图 decorate / decoration / decent 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 decent 不是 decorate 的现代派生同义词。它表示人、行为、衣着或质量“正派、得体、还不错”，常用 do the decent thing。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 体面的；得体的
衣着、行为或条件符合社会期待，不失礼、不难看。
常见表达 decent clothes a decent dress decent conditions do the decent thing
That dress isn't decent for a formal dinner.
查看翻译和讲解 那条连衣裙不适合正式晚宴，不够得体。
decent clothes。
He decided to do the decent thing and apologize.
查看翻译和讲解 他决定做体面的事，去道歉。
do the decent thing。
adj. 正派的；还不错的
形容人诚实可靠，或食物、工作、质量达到不错的标准。
常见表达 decent people a decent meal a decent job decent enough
John and Leah are very decent people.
查看翻译和讲解 约翰和利亚都是非常正派的人。
decent people。
The small restaurant served a decent meal for a fair price.
查看翻译和讲解 这家小餐馆价格公道，饭菜还不错。
decent quality。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
It is proper to say thank you.
proper 强调符合规矩。
She comes from a respectable family.
respectable 更强调受尊重。
The joke was indecent.
indecent 与 decent 的体面/正派义相反。
The service was poor.
poor 可与 decent 的还不错质量义对比。
They decorated the hall.
同在本图中，但现代词义和用法不同。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 dec 可记 fitting/体面，-ent 常形成形容词。decent 与 decorate 只作本图内辨析，不要当成同义或直接派生。
The sign warned against indecent language.
The room was decently furnished.
词族导图 decorate / decoration / decent 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 example 有两条常用线：一是“例子”，帮助说明观点；二是“榜样”，值得别人学习。for example 是举例，set an example 是树立榜样。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 例子
用来说明观点、规则或类别的具体事物。
常见表达 for example give an example an example of take sth. as an example
Can you give an example of renewable energy?
查看翻译和讲解 你能举一个可再生能源的例子吗？
give an example of。
Many animals, for example bees, help plants grow.
查看翻译和讲解 许多动物，例如蜜蜂，帮助植物生长。
for example。
n. [C] 榜样
值得别人学习或模仿的人、行为或标准。
常见表达 set an example for sb. follow sb.'s example a good example lead by example
Older students should set an example for younger ones.
查看翻译和讲解 高年级学生应为低年级学生树立榜样。
set an example for。
The coach led by example and arrived first every day.
查看翻译和讲解 教练以身作则，每天第一个到。
lead by example。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This is one instance of online kindness.
instance 更偏正式具体实例。
This case shows why rules matter.
case 强调情况或案例。
She is a model of hard work.
model 对应 example 的榜样义。
A counterexample can disprove a rule.
counterexample 是反例，只用于规则或论证语境。
The doctor took a blood sample.
sample 是样本或抽样体验，不等于普通例子。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 example 与 sample 在可用同源异体提示，可用来记形，但现代用法要分开：example 说明观点或作榜样，sample 是样本或试用。
Her exemplary behavior encouraged the class.
The teacher asked for a counterexample.
The lab tested a water sample.
词族导图 example / sample 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sample 是“取一小部分来看整体”。作名词是样本/样品；作动词可表示抽样检查、品尝或体验。它比 example 更强调“代表整体的一小部分”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 样品；样本
从整体中取出的一小部分，用来检查、展示或代表整体。
常见表达 a blood sample a water sample a soil sample a sample of
The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
查看翻译和讲解 医生取了血样做检查。
blood sample。
Students collected a water sample from the river.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们从河里采集了一个水样。
water sample。
vt. 抽样检查
抽取一部分进行检测或了解整体情况。
常见表达 sample opinion sample the air sample products sample data
The team sampled public opinion before the meeting.
查看翻译和讲解 团队在会议前抽样调查了公众意见。
sample opinion。
Scientists sampled the air near the factory.
查看翻译和讲解 科学家在工厂附近抽样检测空气。
sample the air。
vt. 品尝；体验
短暂尝试少量食物、活动或生活方式，了解其特点。
常见表达 sample local food sample tea sample life sample a course
Tourists can sample local tea at the market.
查看翻译和讲解 游客可以在市场品尝当地茶。
sample local tea。
The exchange program let students sample life in another country.
查看翻译和讲解 交流项目让学生体验另一个国家的生活。
sample life。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The museum kept a plant specimen.
specimen 更常用于科学、医学或标本。
Use a small test portion first.
test portion 强调拿来测试的一小部分。
A sample is only part of the whole.
whole 是整体，与 sample 的一小部分对比。
Do not test the full amount at once.
full amount 与 sample 的小份对比。
Can you give an example of this rule?
example 用来说明观点或作榜样；sample 是样本或试用。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 记忆线索提示 sample 与 example 有同源异体关系，s 可视作 ex- 的变体。教学上只把它作为记忆线，不能把二者完全互换。
Sampling helps researchers save time.
The sampled water was clean.
词族导图 example / sample 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 house① 读 [haus]，是名词“房屋/住宅”。它强调建筑本身；home 更强调家的感情和归属。keep house 是料理家务。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 房屋；住宅
人居住的建筑物，可指一栋房子或住宅。
常见表达 a small house buy a house move house keep house
They bought a small house near the school.
查看翻译和讲解 他们在学校附近买了一栋小房子。
buy a house。
During the holiday, he helped his parents keep house.
查看翻译和讲解 假期里，他帮父母料理家务。
keep house。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This city is my home.
home 强调归属感；house 强调建筑。
The law protects private dwellings.
dwelling 更正式。
The charity helps people facing homelessness.
homelessness 是没有住房/家的状态。
The school can house visitors.
house② 是动词，读 [hauz]。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 house 是本组核心名词；household、housework、greenhouse、warehouse 等是复合词或同族扩展。
Every household received clean water.
Tomatoes grow in the greenhouse.
Goods are stored in a warehouse.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 household 可作名词，指同住在一个家里的人；也可作形容词，表示家庭的、家用的。householder 是相关词，指房主或住户。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 家庭；同住一所房子的人
住在同一个家里的一组人，可用于统计和社会话题。
常见表达 one household every household a household of four multigenerational households
Every household in the village received clean water.
查看翻译和讲解 村里每户家庭都获得了干净饮用水。
every household。
The number of multigenerational households is rising in some cities.
查看翻译和讲解 一些城市几代同堂家庭的数量正在上升。
multigenerational households。
adj. 家庭的；家用的
用于家庭或家中日常生活的。
常见表达 household chores household goods household spending household name
Washing dishes is a common household chore.
查看翻译和讲解 洗碗是一项常见家务。
household chore。
The brand became a household name after the TV show.
查看翻译和讲解 这个品牌在电视节目后家喻户晓。
household name。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Her family lives nearby.
family 强调亲属关系；household 强调同住和统计单位。
The home group shares bills.
home group 是解释性说法。
The survey asks each individual.
individual 与 household 这个家庭单位对比。
The householder paid the bill.
householder 是住户或房主，可作为 household 的相关 person word。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 house + hold 原指一个家里共同生活的人。现代 household 既可作名词，也可作形容词。
The householder signed the form.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 housewife 是可数名词，复数是 housewives。现代语境中可用 homemaker 更中性；学习时要知道它指主要负责家庭事务的女性。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 家庭主妇
以照顾家庭和家务为主要工作的女性。
常见表达 a full-time housewife many housewives become a housewife housewives and workers
The story describes a housewife who starts a small business.
查看翻译和讲解 这个故事描写了一位开办小生意的家庭主妇。
a housewife who。
Many housewives manage the family budget carefully.
查看翻译和讲解 许多家庭主妇认真管理家庭预算。
plural housewives。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A homemaker manages daily family life.
homemaker 更中性，可指任何性别。
She is both a worker and a mother.
worker 与家庭角色对比，不是严格反义。
Housework can be shared by everyone.
housewife 是人，housework 是事情。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 house + wife 形成复合名词。注意复数把 wife 变为 wives：housewives。
The article interviewed several housewives.
A homemaker keeps the home running.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 housework 是不可数名词，指打扫、做饭、洗衣等家务劳动。常说 do housework、share housework。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 家务劳动
为了照顾家庭而做的日常工作，如打扫、洗衣、做饭。
常见表达 do housework share housework help with housework heavy housework
We share housework every Saturday morning.
查看翻译和讲解 每周六上午我们分担家务。
share housework。
Doing housework teaches children responsibility.
查看翻译和讲解 做家务能培养孩子的责任感。
do housework。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Children can do simple chores.
chores 可数，范围包括家务小任务。
Domestic work is often unpaid.
domestic work 更正式。
Reading is her favorite leisure activity.
leisure 与 housework 的劳动属性对比。
The housewife planned the meals.
housewife 是人，housework 是工作。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 house + work 是透明复合词，表示家里的 work。它不可数，不说 many houseworks。
Household chores should be shared.
The housewife cooked dinner.
Household work takes time.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 greenhouse = green + house，是给植物住的“温暖房子”。它也出现在 greenhouse effect 这个环境话题里。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 温室；暖房
用玻璃或透明材料建成的暖房，用来种植物。
常见表达 a greenhouse grow plants in a greenhouse greenhouse tomatoes greenhouse effect
Tomatoes grow well in the warm greenhouse.
查看翻译和讲解 西红柿在温暖的温室里长得很好。
in a greenhouse。
The science teacher explained the greenhouse effect.
查看翻译和讲解 科学老师解释了温室效应。
greenhouse effect。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Flowers grew inside the glasshouse.
glasshouse 更强调玻璃结构。
The vegetables grew in an open field.
open field 与温室环境对比。
A house is for people to live in.
greenhouse 是植物生长用建筑，不是人住的 house。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 green + house 形成 compound noun。greenhouse effect 是固定环境表达。
Greenhouse effect warms the planet.
Greenhouse gases trap heat.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 warehouse = ware（物品）+ house，核心是“存放货物的大建筑”。它和 house① 都是 building，但用途完全不同。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 仓库；货栈
用来存放商品、材料或货物的大建筑。
常见表达 a warehouse full of boxes store goods in a warehouse warehouse workers move sth. into a warehouse
The company stores winter coats in a warehouse.
查看翻译和讲解 公司把冬季外套存放在仓库里。
store in a warehouse。
Workers moved the rice from the truck into the warehouse.
查看翻译和讲解 工人把大米从卡车搬进仓库。
into the warehouse。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The storehouse held grain.
storehouse 更通用，warehouse 常指商业货物仓库。
The buses returned to the depot.
depot 可指仓库或车辆停放处。
The shop sells the goods.
shop 用来卖货，warehouse 用来存货。
They bought a house.
house 是住宅，warehouse 是储货建筑。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 ware 表示物品、货物，warehouse 即存放 ware 的 house。
Kitchenware means things used in a kitchen.
The house is near a road.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
065
house②
▶ [hauz] · vt. · Page 276
provide a place for people, animals, or things to live, stay, or be kept
给……提供住房；容纳
联想 house② 读 [hauz]，是动词，表示给人、动物或物品提供住处/容纳空间。可用 use 名词/动词读音变化帮助记忆。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 提供住房；容纳
为人、动物或物品提供住宿、安置或存放地点。
常见表达 house students house refugees house a museum be housed in
The school can house fifty visiting students.
查看翻译和讲解 学校可以为五十名来访学生提供住宿。
house students。
The old building now houses a small museum.
查看翻译和讲解 这栋旧楼现在容纳了一座小博物馆。
house a museum。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The center shelters homeless families.
shelter 强调保护和临时收容。
The hotel can accommodate 200 guests.
accommodate 更正式，强调容纳能力。
The landlord cannot evict them without notice.
evict 与提供住处相反。
They bought a house.
house① 是名词，读 [haus]。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 house 名词 [haus] 到动词 [hauz] 有读音变化，可类比 use [ju:s] n. / use [ju:z] v.。housing 是相关名词。
The city needs affordable housing.
The house has three rooms.
The students were housed on campus.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 housing 是不可数名词，来自 house② 的“提供住房”线。它常用于公共话题，如 affordable housing、student housing、housing prices。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 住房；住房条件
供人居住的房屋、住房供应或住房条件，常用于社会和城市话题。
常见表达 affordable housing public housing student housing housing prices
The city plans to build more affordable housing.
查看翻译和讲解 这座城市计划建设更多经济适用住房。
affordable housing。
Student housing is close to the library.
查看翻译和讲解 学生宿舍离图书馆很近。
student housing。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The school provides accommodation.
accommodation 可指临时或正式住宿。
More homes are needed in the city.
homes 更口语，housing 更政策化。
Homelessness is a serious social problem.
homelessness 与住房缺乏形成对比。
The school houses students.
housing 是名词，house② 是动词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 housing = house② + -ing，表示住房供应或条件。它不可数，不说 housings 表示一般住房。
The center houses families.
The workers are housed nearby.
词族导图 house 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 headache 是可数名词，常说 have a headache。它也可比喻“令人头痛的问题”，但核心仍是“头部疼痛”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 头痛
头部疼痛，常作可数名词使用。
常见表达 have a headache get a headache a bad headache a terrible headache
I had a headache after staring at the screen for hours.
查看翻译和讲解 我盯着屏幕几个小时后头痛了。
have a headache。
She took a short rest because of a terrible headache.
查看翻译和讲解 她因为头痛得厉害而短暂休息。
a terrible headache。
n. [C] 令人头痛的问题
比喻难处理、令人烦恼的问题。
常见表达 a headache for sb. become a headache cause a headache
The broken printer became a headache for the office.
查看翻译和讲解 坏掉的打印机成了办公室的一件麻烦事。
metaphorical headache。
Traffic noise is a daily headache for people near the road.
查看翻译和讲解 交通噪音是路边居民每天的烦心事。
a headache for sb.。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The doctor asked about her head pain.
head pain 更直白；headache 更常用。
The delay caused a problem.
problem 只对应比喻义。
The medicine brought quick relief.
relief 是疼痛减轻后的状态。
My head ached terribly yesterday.
ache 是基础词，可作动词或名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 head + ache = headache。headache 通常作可数名词，常用 have a headache。
My head ached terribly yesterday.
She had backache after the trip.
He got a stomachache after lunch.
A toothache kept him awake.
词族导图 headache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 ache 可作动词“疼痛”，也可作名词“一阵持续的疼痛”。它通常不是尖锐疼，而是持续、隐隐的痛。
意思、用法与例句
vi. 疼痛
身体某部位持续疼痛。
常见表达 my head aches my back aches ache terribly ache after exercise
My head ached terribly yesterday.
查看翻译和讲解 我昨天头痛得厉害。
body part + ache as a verb。
My legs ached after the long walk.
查看翻译和讲解 长途步行后我的腿酸痛。
body part + ache。
n. [C] 痛；疼痛
持续的疼痛感，常和 dull、terrible 搭配。
常见表达 a dull ache a terrible ache an ache in feel an ache
There was a dull ache in his shoulder.
查看翻译和讲解 他的肩膀隐隐作痛。
a dull ache。
She felt an ache in her back after cleaning the room.
查看翻译和讲解 打扫房间后她感到背痛。
an ache in。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
My feet hurt after the game.
hurt 更通用，可指尖锐疼或受伤。
The pain slowly went away.
pain 是更一般的疼痛名词。
Rest brought some relief.
relief 表示疼痛减轻。
I had a terrible headache yesterday.
headache 是 head + ache 的具体疼痛词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 ache 是基础疼痛词，可构成 headache、backache、stomachache、toothache。
He suffered from backache.
A toothache needs a dentist.
词族导图 headache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 backache 表示背痛，可数或不可数。常见 have backache、suffer from backache，也可说 a bad backache。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 背痛
pain in the back
常见表达 have backache suffer from backache a bad backache reduce backache
She had backache after carrying heavy books.
查看翻译和讲解 她搬重书后背痛。
have backache。
A better chair helped reduce his backache.
查看翻译和讲解 一把更好的椅子帮助减轻了他的背痛。
reduce backache。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
She had backache after carrying heavy books.
back pain 是常见疼痛表达。
The medicine gave him relief.
relief 表示疼痛减轻后的状态。
My head ached terribly yesterday.
ache 是基础词，可作动词或名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 backache = body part + ache，表示对应部位疼痛。
I had a mild headache yesterday.
I had a mild stomachache yesterday.
I had a mild toothache yesterday.
词族导图 headache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 stomachache 表示胃痛或肚子痛，可数或不可数。常见 have/get a stomachache。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 胃痛；肚子痛
pain in the stomach or belly
常见表达 have a stomachache get a stomachache a mild stomachache stomachache after eating
I got a stomachache after eating too fast.
查看翻译和讲解 我吃得太快后肚子痛。
get a stomachache。
Warm water may help a mild stomachache.
查看翻译和讲解 温水可能有助于缓解轻微胃痛。
mild stomachache。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
I got a stomachache after eating too fast.
stomach pain 是常见疼痛表达。
The medicine gave him relief.
relief 表示疼痛减轻后的状态。
My head ached terribly yesterday.
ache 是基础词，可作动词或名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 stomachache = body part + ache，表示对应部位疼痛。
I had a mild headache yesterday.
I had a mild backache yesterday.
I had a mild toothache yesterday.
词族导图 headache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
071
stomach
▶ /ˈstʌmək/ · n.
the organ inside the body that digests food, or the front part of the body below the chest
胃；腹部
学习关联：stomach（胃）是 stomachache（胃痛）的透明构词成分。
意思、用法与例句
n. 胃；腹部
the organ inside the body that digests food, or the front part of the body below the chest
常见表达 a stomach ache on an empty stomach
He had a stomach ache after eating too quickly.
查看翻译和讲解 他吃得太快后胃疼。
a stomach ache
Do not take this medicine on an empty stomach.
查看翻译和讲解 不要空腹服用这种药。
on an empty stomach
on an empty stomach 表示“空腹”。
联想 toothache 表示牙痛，可数或不可数；这类复合 ache 词常可两用，但 headache 通常作可数名词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 牙痛
pain in a tooth
常见表达 have toothache have a toothache a bad toothache toothache at night
He could not sleep because of a toothache.
查看翻译和讲解 他因为牙痛睡不着。
a toothache。
The dentist found the cause of her toothache.
查看翻译和讲解 牙医找到了她牙痛的原因。
cause of toothache。
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
He could not sleep because of a toothache.
tooth pain 是常见疼痛表达。
The medicine gave him relief.
relief 表示疼痛减轻后的状态。
My head ached terribly yesterday.
ache 是基础词，可作动词或名词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 toothache = body part + ache，表示对应部位疼痛。
I had a mild headache yesterday.
I had a mild backache yesterday.
I had a mild stomachache yesterday.
词族导图 headache 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 how 是本组核心：一条线问方式“怎样/如何”，一条线问程度、数量或频率，作连接词时引出“事情怎样发生”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 怎样；如何
询问方式、方法或做事步骤。
常见表达 how to do sth. how sb. does sth. How often...? How soon...?
How often do you go swimming?
查看翻译和讲解 你多久去游泳一次？
How often asks about frequency.
Can you show me how to solve this problem?
查看翻译和讲解 你能给我演示怎样解这道题吗？
how to do sth. gives a method.
adv. 多么；多少
询问或强调程度、距离、时间、数量和价格。
常见表达 how far how long how many how much how old
How far is it from your home to school?
查看翻译和讲解 从你家到学校有多远？
how far asks about distance.
How many students joined the club?
查看翻译和讲解 有多少学生加入了这个社团？
how many is used before countable plural nouns.
conj. 以……方式；怎样
引导从句，说明某事发生、完成或被理解的方式。
常见表达 know how explain how learn how find out how
The article explains how bees find their way home.
查看翻译和讲解 这篇文章解释蜜蜂怎样找到回家的路。
how introduces a content clause.
She learned how the machine works.
查看翻译和讲解 她了解了这台机器怎样运转。
how can introduce indirect information.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
In what way can we improve the plan?
in what way 更正式，how 更常用。
Why did you choose this book?
why 问原因，how 问方式或程度。
What did you see in the room?
what 问事物，how 问方式、状态或程度。
However, the work was not finished.
however 含 how，但功能常是转折或让步。
Somehow, the door opened by itself.
somehow 表示方式不清楚。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 how 是核心问法；anyhow、somehow、however 都保留“方式/怎样”的影子，但语用不同。
The weather was bad, but we went anyhow.
Somehow, the key disappeared.
However hard it is, keep trying.
词族导图 how 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 anyhow 接近 anyway，多用于“无论条件如何仍然做”或“话说回来/反正”。语气较口语，不等于 somehow 的“不知怎样”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 无论如何；不管怎样
即使条件不理想，也仍然采取行动。
常见表达 do sth. anyhow go anyhow finish anyhow anyhow, we...
The weather was bad, but we went anyhow.
查看翻译和讲解 天气很糟，但我们还是去了。
anyhow means despite the situation.
Try to finish the work anyhow.
查看翻译和讲解 无论如何都要尽量把工作完成。
finish anyhow stresses determination.
adv. 反正；尽管如此；至少
用于继续话题、转折补充，或说明最低限度的好处。
常见表达 anyhow, I... anyhow, we have to... clean anyhow good enough anyhow
It may be difficult; anyhow, we have to try.
查看翻译和讲解 这也许很难；不管怎样，我们必须试一试。
anyhow returns to the main point.
The room is small, but it is clean anyhow.
查看翻译和讲解 这个房间小，但至少很干净。
anyhow can add a limited positive point.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Anyway, we should keep working.
anyway 更常见；anyhow 语气相近但略口语。
In any case, safety comes first.
in any case 更正式。
We somehow reached the station on time.
somehow 强调方式不明；anyhow 强调不管条件如何。
However, the problem remained.
however 更正式，常引出转折。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 any + how = any way/in any case，核心是“不管怎样”。
Somehow, he found the answer.
However tired you are, check your work.
词族导图 how 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 somehow 的核心是“方式不清楚但事情发生了”。它可表示设法完成，也可表示说话人不知道原因或过程。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 以某种方式；设法
方法不具体，但结果达成。
常见表达 somehow manage to fix sth. somehow somehow or other somehow finish
We must somehow finish the project before Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 我们必须想办法在周五前完成这个项目。
somehow focuses on finding a way.
Maybe we could glue it together somehow or other.
查看翻译和讲解 或许我们可以用什么办法把它粘起来。
somehow or other is a fixed phrase.
adv. 不知怎么地
原因或过程不明，常带说话人的意外感。
常见表达 somehow feel somehow become somehow lost somehow disappear
Somehow, I knew he was telling the truth.
查看翻译和讲解 不知怎么地，我知道他说的是实话。
somehow can describe an unclear feeling.
The key somehow disappeared from my bag.
查看翻译和讲解 钥匙不知怎么从我的包里不见了。
somehow marks an unexplained event.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
In some way, the story changed him.
in some way 更直白；somehow 更自然。
They managed to arrive before dark.
manage to 强调成功结果；somehow 强调方法不明或不细说。
Anyhow, we need to start now.
anyhow 是不管怎样；somehow 是用某种方式或不知怎么地。
She clearly explained each step.
clearly 强调方式清楚；somehow 常表示方式不清。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 some + how = some way，核心是“某种方式/不知怎么”。
It was late, but we went anyhow.
However, the result surprised us.
词族导图 how 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 however 有两条高频线：句首或句中表示转折“然而”，也可放在形容词/副词前表示“无论多么”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 然而；可是
引出与前文相反或限制性的内容，书面语常见。
常见表达 However, ... ; however, however + clause may seem..., however
However, this should not discourage you.
查看翻译和讲解 然而，这不应该使你气馁。
however introduces contrast.
The plan sounds simple; however, it needs time.
查看翻译和讲解 这个计划听起来简单；然而，它需要时间。
semicolon plus however is common in writing.
conj. / adv. 不管怎样；无论如何
表示让步，相当于 no matter how。
常见表达 however hard however much however + adj./adv. however angry
However hard the task is, we should keep trying.
查看翻译和讲解 无论任务多么难，我们都应该继续努力。
however + adjective means no matter how.
You should be polite however angry you feel.
查看翻译和讲解 无论你感到多么生气，都应该有礼貌。
however can introduce a concessive clause.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The answer is short, but it is clear.
but 更口语、更直接；however 更书面。
The work was hard; nevertheless, they finished it.
nevertheless 比 however 更正式。
Therefore, we changed the plan.
therefore 表结果；however 表转折。
Although it rained, they went out.
although 引导让步从句；however 可作转折副词或 no matter how。
Anyhow, we should move on.
anyhow 接近 anyway；however 常引出转折或让步。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 how + ever 保留“无论怎样”的含义，同时发展出书面转折“然而”。
词族导图 how 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 test 从“检验是否可靠”出发，可指学校测验、医学化验、产品检验，也可作动词表示测试某人或某物。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 测验；考查
学校或学习中的考试、测验。
常见表达 take a test pass a test fail a test a math test
We will take a short English test on Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 我们周五要进行一次简短的英语测验。
take a test is the common student pattern.
She passed the driving test on her second try.
查看翻译和讲解 她第二次尝试时通过了驾驶考试。
pass a test shows the result.
n. [C] 化验；检验；考验
检查身体、机器、材料、想法或能力是否符合要求。
常见表达 a blood test a safety test a real test of put sth. to the test
The doctor asked him to have a blood test.
查看翻译和讲解 医生让他做一次血液化验。
a blood test is a medical check.
The long climb was a real test of our teamwork.
查看翻译和讲解 这次长途攀登真正考验了我们的团队合作。
test can mean a difficult challenge.
vt. 测验；检验；试验
通过问题、实验或实际使用来检查。
常见表达 test sb. on sth. test sth. for safety test out test the waters
The teacher tested us on last week's words.
查看翻译和讲解 老师测验了我们上周学的单词。
test sb. on sth. gives the subject.
Before starting the club, they tested the waters by asking classmates.
查看翻译和讲解 在成立社团之前，他们通过询问同学先试探了一下反应。
test the waters means try to learn people's reaction.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The final exam begins next Monday.
exam 更偏正式考试；test 可大可小。
Please check your answer again.
check 更普通；test 常有标准或结果判断。
The new plan is still on trial.
trial 常指试用或审判语境，test 更通用。
We trusted the map and kept walking.
trust 是不再检验；test 是主动核查。
She entered a singing contest.
contest 含 test 记忆线，但核心是竞争。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 test 是核心“检验/证明”线。contest 可理解为一起检验高低；protest 可用 pro- + test 的作证/表明立场来记。
Two teams contested the final place.
Residents protested against the plan.
词族导图 test / contest / protest 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
078
check
▶ /tʃek/ · verb / noun
to examine something to make sure it is correct, safe, or present; to stop something harmful from growing or continuing; an examination made to confirm that something is safe, correct, or acceptable
检查；核对；阻止；控制；检查；核查
学习关联：围绕 test 对照考试、检查的名词与动词表达。
意思、用法与例句
v. [T] 检查；核对
to examine something to make sure it is correct, safe, or present
常见表达 check the answers check the list check that
Please check the address before you send the parcel.
查看翻译和讲解 寄包裹前请核对地址。
check the address
The nurse checked that the patient was breathing normally.
查看翻译和讲解 护士确认病人呼吸正常。
checked that
check 后可接答案、名单、设备等；check that 后接完整句子。
v. [T] 阻止；控制
to stop something harmful from growing or continuing
常见表达 check the spread of keep something in check check the growth of
Clean water helps check the spread of disease.
查看翻译和讲解 清洁饮水有助于遏制疾病传播。
check the spread
Regular exercise can keep stress in check.
查看翻译和讲解 规律运动能帮助控制压力。
keep stress in check
此义常用于控制问题、速度或发展，不是“查看”。
n. [C] 检查；核查
an examination made to confirm that something is safe, correct, or acceptable
常见表达 a health check a security check a safety check
All new students have a health check in September.
查看翻译和讲解 所有新生九月都要进行健康检查。
a health check
Visitors must pass a security check at the entrance.
查看翻译和讲解 访客必须在入口处通过安全检查。
a security check
常见于 health check、security check 等搭配；美式“账单”义不列为本卡核心义。
079
exam
▶ /ɪɡˈzæm/ · n. [C]
an organised test of knowledge or ability
考试；测验
学习关联：围绕 test 对照考试、检查的名词与动词表达。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 考试；测验
an organised test of knowledge or ability
常见表达 take an exam pass an exam exam results
I have to take an exam tomorrow.
查看翻译和讲解 我明天必须参加考试。
take an exam
Her exam results were excellent.
查看翻译和讲解 她的考试成绩很优秀。
exam results
Exam is a test, usually in an educational setting.
080
examine
▶ /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ · vt.
to look at or study something carefully
检查；仔细研究
学习关联：围绕 test 对照考试、检查的名词与动词表达。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 检查；仔细研究
to look at or study something carefully
常见表达 examine the evidence examine a patient closely examine
The doctor examined the patient’s knee.
查看翻译和讲解 医生检查了病人的膝盖。
examined the patient
The committee will examine the evidence closely.
查看翻译和讲解 委员会将仔细审查证据。
examine the evidence
Examine means inspect or study carefully.
联想 contest 作名词读重音在前，表示比赛；作动词重音在后，可表示争夺某物，也可表示质疑结果、决定或说法。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 竞赛；比赛
人们为了奖项、名次或胜利而竞争的活动。
常见表达 a speech contest enter a contest win a contest a close contest
She entered a speech contest and won first prize.
查看翻译和讲解 她参加演讲比赛并获得了一等奖。
enter/win a contest are key patterns.
The basketball final was a close contest.
查看翻译和讲解 篮球决赛是一场势均力敌的比赛。
contest can mean a competition between sides.
vt. 争夺；角逐
为了奖项、职位、席位或胜利而竞争。
常见表达 contest a prize contest a seat contest the final contest for
Two teams contested the final place in the tournament.
查看翻译和讲解 两支队伍争夺锦标赛的最后一个名额。
contest as a verb means compete for.
Several students contested the role in the school play.
查看翻译和讲解 几名学生竞争学校戏剧中的这个角色。
contest can take the thing being competed for.
vt. 对……提出质疑；争辩
认为决定、结果或说法不对，因此正式提出异议。
常见表达 contest a decision contest the result contest a claim strongly contest
The team contested the referee's decision.
查看翻译和讲解 这支队伍对裁判的判罚提出了质疑。
contest a decision means challenge it.
Few people contested his claim that practice matters.
查看翻译和讲解 很少有人反驳他关于练习很重要的说法。
contest a claim is a formal challenge.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The competition attracted many schools.
competition 更通用；contest 常指具体比赛。
The match ended in a draw.
match 常用于体育或两方对阵。
They competed for the scholarship.
compete 常接 for；contest 可直接接 prize/seat/decision。
She challenged the result.
challenge 与 contest 的质疑义接近。
He conceded that the answer was wrong.
concede 是承认或放弃争辩，和 contest 方向相反。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 con- + test 可按“一起检验/比出高低”记 contest，但现代核心是比赛、争夺和质疑。
The teacher tested us on new words.
They protested against the unfair rule.
词族导图 test / contest / protest 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 protest 是表达强烈不同意：可作名词表示抗议行动或抗议声明，也可作动词，常接 against 或 that 从句。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 抗议；反对
公开表达不同意或反对的行动、声明或情绪。
常见表达 a protest against hold a protest in protest letters of protest
The students held a peaceful protest against the new rule.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们举行了和平抗议，反对这项新规定。
a protest against names the target.
She left the meeting in protest.
查看翻译和讲解 她以抗议的方式离开了会议。
in protest explains the reason for an action.
v. 抗议；反对
公开说出不同意，或以行动表示反对。
常见表达 protest against protest about protest that protest loudly
Residents protested against the plan to close the park.
查看翻译和讲解 居民抗议关闭公园的计划。
protest against is the key collocation.
He protested that the decision was unfair.
查看翻译和讲解 他抗议说这个决定不公平。
protest that introduces what someone says.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Many parents objected to the change.
object to 更普通；protest 更公开、更强烈。
They opposed the new plan.
oppose 可正式表示反对；protest 常带公开表达。
The demonstration remained peaceful.
demonstration 是具体抗议活动。
Most students supported the plan.
support 与 protest/oppose 方向相反。
They accepted the decision.
accept 是接受决定，protest 是提出反对。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 pro- + test 可按“在众人面前表明立场/作证”记 protest，现代重点是公开反对。
The plan will test our patience.
They contested the result.
词族导图 test / contest / protest 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 recite 的重点是“把已经记住或准备好的内容说出来”：常用于背诗、朗诵课文，也可表示逐条列举事实或理由。
意思、用法与例句
v. / vt. 背诵；朗诵
把诗、课文、台词等凭记忆说出来，或正式朗读出来。
常见表达 recite a poem recite from memory recite in class recite a passage
She recited a poem from memory in class.
查看翻译和讲解 她在课堂上凭记忆朗诵了一首诗。
recite from memory is the core pattern.
The students took turns reciting the passage.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们轮流背诵这段文章。
recite can take a text as object.
vt. 详述；列举
把事实、理由或清单逐条说出。
常见表达 recite the facts recite a list of recite reasons recite details
He recited a list of reasons for changing the plan.
查看翻译和讲解 他列举了改变计划的一系列理由。
recite a list means say items one by one.
The witness recited the facts in a calm voice.
查看翻译和讲解 证人平静地详述了事实。
recite can mean give details in order.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Please repeat the last sentence.
repeat 更普通；recite 常指准备好或背熟的内容。
He said the lines from memory.
这个短语解释 recite 的核心动作。
List three reasons for your answer.
list 对应 recite 的列举义。
I forgot the second line of the poem.
forget 与背出内容方向相反。
The writer cited several studies.
cite 是引用证据，不是背诵。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 recite 可按 re- + cite 记为“再次引用/说出”，现代重点是背诵、朗诵和逐条列举。
The writer cited a famous example.
He quoted a line from the speech.
The recitation lasted two minutes.
词族导图 recite / cite / quote 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
084
cite
▶ [sait] · vt. · Page 277
to mention as evidence or an example, or formally order someone to appear
引用；引证；传唤；传讯
联想 cite 常用于文章、论证和正式场合，意思是引用证据、例子、来源或法律案例；还可见正式传唤义。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 引用；引证
用例子、资料、理由或案例来支持观点。
常见表达 cite an example cite evidence cite a source cite a case
The writer cited several examples to support her idea.
查看翻译和讲解 作者引用了几个例子来支持她的观点。
cite means mention as support.
The lawyer cited a previous case.
查看翻译和讲解 律师引用了以前的一个案例。
cite a case shows indirect evidence rather than exact words.
vt. 传唤；传讯
正式命令某人出庭或接受询问，属于法律或正式语境。
常见表达 be cited to appear cite sb. to court cite a witness officially cite
The witness was cited to appear in court.
查看翻译和讲解 证人被传唤出庭。
formal legal use.
Officials cited the driver for breaking the rule.
查看翻译和讲解 官员因司机违反规定而传讯了他。
cite can be a formal notice in legal contexts.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
He quoted a passage from the speech.
quote 常是直接引用原话；cite 可间接引用来源或证据。
The report refers to recent research.
refer to 更宽泛，cite 更强调作为证据。
She mentioned the problem briefly.
mention 不一定作为证据。
Do not omit the source.
omit 是不提；cite 是明确提出来源或证据。
She recited the poem from memory.
recite 是说出背熟内容，不是引证资料。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 cite 是引用、引证的核心；recite 用 re- 形成“再次说出/背出”的记忆线；quote 与 cite 接近但更强调原文直引。
He recited the lines clearly.
Please quote the exact sentence.
词族导图 recite / cite / quote 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 quote 的高考价值在三点：直接引用原话，给出报价，以及名词“引文/报价”。要特别注意 quote 是直引，cite 不一定原字照搬。
意思、用法与例句
v. / vt. 引用；引述；举例说明
重复别人说过或写过的原话，也可用例子说明。
常见表达 quote from quote a passage quote a line quote an example
He quoted a passage from the minister's speech.
查看翻译和讲解 他引用了部长的一段讲话。
quote often repeats exact words.
Our teacher quoted a line from the poem.
查看翻译和讲解 老师引用了这首诗中的一行。
quote a line/passage is common.
vt. / n. [C] 开价；报价；报价单
给出服务、商品或工程的价格，也可指这份报价。
常见表达 quote a price quote sb. a price ask for a quote get a quote
The shop quoted us a fair price for the repair.
查看翻译和讲解 这家店给我们的维修报了一个合理的价格。
quote can mean give a price.
We asked three companies for a quote.
查看翻译和讲解 我们向三家公司询价。
a quote can mean a price offer.
n. [C] / n. [-s] 引文；引号
quote 可指一句引用的话；quotes 或 quotation marks 指引号。
常见表达 a famous quote put sth. in quotes quotation marks end quote
The poster began with a famous quote about courage.
查看翻译和讲解 这张海报以一句关于勇气的名言开头。
a quote is a quoted sentence.
Put the exact words in quotes.
查看翻译和讲解 把原话放在引号里。
quotes means quotation marks here.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The article cited a recent report.
cite 可引用来源或证据；quote 常是原文直引。
The quotation was printed on the first page.
quotation 比 quote 更正式。
She paraphrased the paragraph in her own words.
paraphrase 用自己的话说，和 quote 原文直引相反。
The report misquoted the scientist.
misquote 是引用错。
The price includes delivery.
quote 的报价义和 price 相关。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 quote 与 cite 都是引用线，但 quote 偏 exact words；同时 quote 还有商业报价和名词引文/引号义。
Cite your source in the essay.
The quotation marks show exact words.
词族导图 recite / cite / quote 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 many 用于可数复数名词，强调数量多；作代词时表示“许多人/许多事物”。比较级是 more，最高级是 most。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 许多的
修饰可数复数名词。
常见表达 many students many times a great many many a + singular noun
Many students joined the reading club this term.
查看翻译和讲解 这学期许多学生加入了阅读社团。
many modifies countable plural nouns.
A great many people watched the school concert.
查看翻译和讲解 很多人观看了学校音乐会。
a great many means a large number.
pron. 许多人或物
不直接接名词，代替前文提到的可数复数对象。
常见表达 many of them many of us not many so many
Many of them had never visited a museum before.
查看翻译和讲解 他们中的许多人以前从未参观过博物馆。
many of + pronoun/noun phrase.
There were not many left after the sale.
查看翻译和讲解 促销后剩下的不多了。
many can stand alone as a pronoun.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Numerous studies support the idea.
numerous 更正式，只修饰可数复数。
A lot of students came early.
a lot of 可接可数或不可数；many 只接可数复数。
Few students knew the answer.
few 与 many 数量方向相反。
There is not much time left.
much 主要接不可数名词或表示程度。
More students arrived later.
more 是 many/much 的比较级。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 many -> more -> most 是可数数量的比较链；much 共享 more/most，但用于不可数或程度。
We do not have much time.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 much 主要用于不可数名词和程度，可作副词表示“很/非常”，也可作形容词或代词表示“大量”。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / pron. 许多的；大量的
修饰不可数名词，或作代词表示大量。
常见表达 much time much money too much not much
We do not have much time before the train leaves.
查看翻译和讲解 火车开走前我们没有多少时间。
much modifies uncountable nouns.
Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
查看翻译和讲解 太多糖对牙齿不好。
too much + uncountable noun.
adv. 非常；很；程度上大量
修饰比较级、动词或过去分词，表示程度。
常见表达 much better much more thank you very much much loved
Her pronunciation is much better than before.
查看翻译和讲解 她的发音比以前好多了。
much can strengthen a comparative.
Thank you very much for your help.
查看翻译和讲解 非常感谢你的帮助。
very much is a fixed polite expression.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A lot of time was spent on practice.
a lot of 可接可数或不可数。
The plan greatly improved the class.
greatly 更正式，表示程度。
There is little water in the bottle.
little 与 much 在不可数量上相反。
Many books are on the desk.
many 接可数复数，much 接不可数或程度。
We need more water.
more 是 many/much 的比较级。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 much 与 many 都变为 more/most；much 走不可数和程度线。
This is much more useful.
Most of the work is done.
The class is mostly quiet.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 little 有两条线：形容词表示“小的/幼小的”，数量上表示“几乎没有”；a little 则偏肯定，表示“一点、少许”。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 小的；幼小的
描述尺寸、年龄或程度小。
常见表达 a little boy a little room a little smile little children
A little girl was reading under the tree.
查看翻译和讲解 一个小女孩正在树下读书。
little can describe size or age.
He gave a little smile and said nothing.
查看翻译和讲解 他微微一笑，什么也没说。
little can describe a small degree.
pron. / adv. 没有多少；不多
表示量少，常带否定感。
常见表达 little time little money know little little hope
There is little time left, so we must hurry.
查看翻译和讲解 剩下的时间不多了，所以我们必须快点。
little has a negative feeling.
He knew little about the local history.
查看翻译和讲解 他对当地历史了解很少。
know little means not know much.
phrase 一点；逐渐地
a little 表示肯定的一点；little by little 表示逐渐。
常见表达 a little a little bit little by little a little more
Please add a little water to the soup.
查看翻译和讲解 请往汤里加一点水。
a little is positive: some.
Little by little, her confidence grew.
查看翻译和讲解 渐渐地，她的信心增强了。
little by little means gradually.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
They live in a small house.
small 对应尺寸小；little 还可表示量少或带感情色彩。
I feel a bit tired.
a bit 接近 a little。
There is much work to do.
much 与 little 在不可数量上相反。
Few people arrived early.
few 用于可数复数；little 用于不可数或程度。
Use less salt next time.
less 是 little 的比较级。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 little -> less -> least 是少量/低程度的比较链。
At least ten people came.
We do not have much time.
词族导图 little / less / least 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 more 是 many/much 的比较级，也可表示程度更强、数量更多或另外一些；短语密集，是本组考试核心。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / pron. 更多的；更多的量
数量或量比之前更大。
常见表达 more time more books need more some more
We need more time to finish the report.
查看翻译和讲解 我们需要更多时间完成报告。
more works with countable and uncountable nouns.
Would you like some more tea?
查看翻译和讲解 你还想再喝点茶吗？
more can stand for an additional amount.
adv. 更；程度更强
修饰形容词、副词或动词，构成比较。
常见表达 more important more carefully more quickly more than
Health is more important than money.
查看翻译和讲解 健康比金钱更重要。
more + adjective forms comparison.
She listened more carefully this time.
查看翻译和讲解 这次她听得更仔细了。
more can modify an adverb.
phrases 高频短语
重点列出的 more 短语需要按结构背。
常见表达 more and more more or less no more once more the more...the more...
The city is becoming more and more crowded.
查看翻译和讲解 这座城市正变得越来越拥挤。
more and more means increasingly.
The more you practise, the more confident you become.
查看翻译和讲解 你练得越多，就越自信。
the more...the more... shows parallel change.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We need additional information.
additional 更正式，强调额外增加。
Try to spend less time online.
less 与 more 在数量或程度上相反。
Please say it again.
again 对应 once more 的意思。
This is the most difficult part.
most 是最高级。
Moreover, the plan is cheap.
moreover 是连接副词，不表示更多数量。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 more 是 many/much 的比较级；moreover = more + over，用来增加论点。
Moreover, it saves money.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 most 是 many/much 的最高级，也可作代词表示“大多数”。注意 a most interesting book 是 very，不等于 the most interesting。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / adv. 最多的；最
表达最高数量或最高程度。
常见表达 the most important most people at most the most
This is the most useful book on my desk.
查看翻译和讲解 这是我桌上最有用的一本书。
the most forms a superlative.
We can invite twenty students at most.
查看翻译和讲解 我们最多可以邀请二十名学生。
at most means no more than.
pron. 大多数；大部分
指大部分人、事物或数量。
常见表达 most of us most of the time most of them for the most part
Most of the students finished the task on time.
查看翻译和讲解 大多数学生按时完成了任务。
most of + definite group.
Most of the work has already been done.
查看翻译和讲解 大部分工作已经完成了。
most can refer to an amount of work.
adv. 非常；很
不带 the 时，a most + adjective 可表示 very，较正式。
常见表达 a most interesting book most useful most kind most likely
This is a most interesting book.
查看翻译和讲解 这是一本非常有趣的书。
a most means very, not superlative.
She was most kind to the new student.
查看翻译和讲解 她对新同学非常友善。
most can mean very in formal style.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The majority agreed with the plan.
majority 是名词，most 可作限定词或代词。
This is the greatest challenge.
greatest 强调最高程度。
This is the least expensive choice.
least 与 most 相反。
The room was mostly empty.
mostly 是副词，表示主要地。
The room was almost empty.
almost 只是形式含 most，不表示大多数。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 most 是 many/much 的最高级；mostly = most + -ly 表主要地；almost = all + most，表示几乎。
The class is mostly quiet.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 moreover 是正式连接副词，用来在前一观点上再加一个理由或信息，相当于 furthermore / besides。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 而且；此外
添加一个进一步支持前文的观点。
常见表达 Moreover, ... ; moreover, and moreover moreover + clause
The plan is simple; moreover, it will save money.
查看翻译和讲解 这个计划很简单；而且还会省钱。
moreover adds another point.
The book is useful. Moreover, it is easy to read.
查看翻译和讲解 这本书有用。此外，它也容易读。
moreover is common in writing.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Furthermore, the method is safe.
furthermore 与 moreover 都偏正式。
Besides, we still have time.
besides 更口语一些。
However, the result was different.
however 表转折；moreover 表递进添加。
Therefore, we changed the plan.
therefore 表结果，不是添加信息。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 moreover = more + over，用作连接副词，不表示数量更多。
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 mostly 来自 most + -ly，表示“主要地/大部分地”，说明整体中占主要部分，但不等于 almost 的“几乎”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 主要地；大部分地
说明某事主要由什么构成、主要因为什么发生或大部分情况下如此。
常见表达 mostly because mostly made of mostly about mostly students
The group was mostly made up of students.
查看翻译和讲解 这个小组主要由学生组成。
mostly means mainly.
I stayed at home mostly because of the rain.
查看翻译和讲解 我待在家主要是因为下雨。
mostly can give the main reason.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The story is mainly about friendship.
mainly 与 mostly 接近。
The class was largely made up of first-year students.
largely 更正式。
The answer is partly correct.
partly 强调只是部分。
The bottle is almost empty.
almost 表接近完成，不表示主要地。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 mostly = most + -ly，强调“大部分/主要”；almost 虽含 most，但意思是“几乎”。
Most of the class agreed.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 almost 表示非常接近某个状态、数量或完成度，但还没有完全达到。它和 mostly 形式近，意思不同。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 几乎；差不多
接近完成、达到或发生，但仍差一点。
常见表达 almost ready almost all almost never almost impossible
We are almost ready to leave.
查看翻译和讲解 我们差不多准备好出发了。
almost means nearly but not completely.
Almost all the students passed the test.
查看翻译和讲解 几乎所有学生都通过了考试。
almost all means nearly all, not most only.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The work is nearly finished.
nearly 与 almost 接近。
The room was practically empty.
practically 更口语，可表示几乎。
The box is completely empty.
completely 表完全达到，almost 表差一点。
The class is mostly quiet.
mostly 是主要地，不是几乎。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 almost 可按 all + most 记“几乎全部/差不多”，但现代意思是 nearly。
Most students arrived early.
The room was mostly dark.
词族导图 many 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 less 是 little 的比较级，主要用于不可数数量、程度或抽象量；重点短语 less and less、no less than、still less 都要单独掌握。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / adv. 更少的；更小的；更少地
数量、程度或重要性比另一对象低。
常见表达 less time less money less important less than
Try to spend less time on your phone.
查看翻译和讲解 尽量少花些时间在手机上。
less often modifies uncountable nouns or degree.
This problem is less difficult than the last one.
查看翻译和讲解 这道题没有上一道难。
less + adjective forms a lower degree.
phrases 高频短语
按固定结构理解不同逻辑。
常见表达 less and less no less than still less less than
The river carried less and less water in summer.
查看翻译和讲解 夏天这条河的水越来越少。
less and less means decreasing.
No less than fifty students joined the activity.
查看翻译和讲解 多达五十名学生参加了活动。
no less than emphasizes a surprisingly large number.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A smaller amount of salt is healthier.
这个短语解释 less 的数量义。
Fewer students were late today.
fewer 更适合可数复数；less 多用于不可数或程度。
We need more practice.
more 与 less 方向相反。
There is little hope.
little 是原级。
This path takes the least time.
least 是最高级。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 less 是 little 的比较级；与 more 构成方向相反的比较。
词族导图 little / less / least 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 least 是 little 的最高级，表示最少、最低程度；at least 表示“至少”，last but not least 表示“最后但同样重要”。
意思、用法与例句
pron. / adv. 最少；最小；最少量
在数量、程度或重要性上最低。
常见表达 the least least important least likely the least time
This route takes the least time.
查看翻译和讲解 这条路线花的时间最少。
the least means the smallest amount.
It was the least difficult question on the test.
查看翻译和讲解 这是试卷上最不难的一道题。
least + adjective forms the lowest degree.
phrases 至少；最后但同样重要
at least 给出最低数量或最低要求；last but not least 用于列举末项。
常见表达 at least at the very least last but not least not in the least
Please check in at least an hour before departure.
查看翻译和讲解 请至少在出发前一小时办理登记手续。
at least means no less than.
Last but not least, remember to thank your teammates.
查看翻译和讲解 最后但同样重要的是，记得感谢你的队友。
last but not least is a fixed phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The minimum age is sixteen.
minimum 是名词或形容词，least 更常作限定词/副词。
Choose the smallest amount you need.
这个短语解释 least 的数量义。
Most students chose the first answer.
most 与 least 方向相反。
Use less paper next time.
less 是比较级。
A little help is enough.
little 是原级。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 least 是 little -> less -> least 比较链的最高级，也常在 at least 中表示最低限度。
词族导图 little / less / least 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 frighten 是动作核心：某事或某人让别人害怕。常见结构包括 frighten sb.、frighten away/off、frighten sb. into doing 和 frighten sb. to death。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 使惊恐；吓唬
让某人突然害怕。
常见表达 frighten sb. frighten sb. to death be frightened of sth. be frightened to do sth.
The sudden noise frightened the children.
查看翻译和讲解 突然的响声吓到了孩子们。
frighten takes the person affected as object.
The dark room frightened him to death.
查看翻译和讲解 那个黑房间把他吓得要死。
frighten sb. to death is an emphatic phrase.
vt. 吓走；恐吓某人做某事
用恐惧使某人离开或做某事。
常见表达 frighten away frighten off frighten sb. into doing sth. frighten animals away
The loud shout frightened the birds away.
查看翻译和讲解 大声喊叫把鸟吓飞了。
frighten away/off means scare away.
The threat frightened him into telling the truth.
查看翻译和讲解 威胁吓得他说出了真相。
frighten sb. into doing means make someone act through fear.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The story scared the little boy.
scare 更常用；frighten 稍正式。
The news alarmed everyone.
alarm 强调担心或警觉。
Her words calmed the child.
calm 是让人不害怕。
The teacher reassured the nervous student.
reassure 是消除恐惧。
She was frightened of the dog.
frightened 是人或动物感到害怕。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 fright 是恐惧名词，frighten 是使害怕，frightened 是感到害怕，frightening/frightful 是令人害怕。
The child cried with fright.
She was frightened of the storm.
It was a frightening story.
词族导图 frighten 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 害怕的；担心的
feeling fear or worry about a person, thing, or situation
常见表达 be afraid of dogs be afraid of making mistakes afraid for sb
Mia was afraid of the dark corridor during the power cut.
查看翻译和讲解 停电时，米娅害怕那条黑暗的走廊。
be afraid of + 名词说明害怕的对象。
He is afraid of making the same mistake again.
查看翻译和讲解 他担心再次犯同样的错误。
be afraid of + 动词-ing 可表示害怕发生某事。
afraid 主要作表语，常放在 be、seem、feel 等之后，通常不说 an afraid child。
常用 be afraid of + 名词或动词-ing。
phr. 恐怕；不敢
used to show reluctance, or politely introduce unwelcome information
常见表达 be afraid to ask be afraid that ... I'm afraid ...
The child was afraid to cross the busy road alone.
查看翻译和讲解 那个孩子不敢独自穿过繁忙的马路。
be afraid to do 表示“不敢做某事”。
I'm afraid that the library will close early today.
查看翻译和讲解 恐怕图书馆今天会提前关门。
I'm afraid that ... 可委婉说明不利信息。
be afraid to do 表示因害怕而不敢做；be afraid that ... 常用于委婉地引出不太好的消息。
I'm afraid ... 在此常译为“恐怕……”，不必逐字译成“我害怕”。
098
fear
▶ /fɪə/ · n. [C,U] / vt.
the feeling that something dangerous or unpleasant may happen; to be worried that something bad may happen
害怕；恐惧；害怕；担心
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 害怕；恐惧
the feeling that something dangerous or unpleasant may happen
常见表达 fear of heights in fear overcome fear
His fear of heights made the bridge crossing difficult.
查看翻译和讲解 他恐高，过桥很困难。
fear of heights
She spoke in fear of being misunderstood.
查看翻译和讲解 她说话时担心被误解。
in fear of
Fear of names what causes the feeling.
vt. 害怕；担心
to be worried that something bad may happen
常见表达 fear that... fear for sb have nothing to fear
We feared that the storm would delay the train.
查看翻译和讲解 我们担心暴风雨会使火车晚点。
fear that
Parents feared for the hikers in the heavy rain.
查看翻译和讲解 大雨中，家长担心徒步者的安全。
fear for sb
Fear that introduces a worrying possibility.
099
fearful
▶ /ˈfɪəfl/ · adj.
feeling afraid, or causing fear
害怕的；可怕的
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 害怕的；可怕的
feeling afraid, or causing fear
常见表达 feel fearful fearful of sth a fearful noise
The child was fearful of the dark room.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子害怕那间黑暗的屋子。
fearful of
A fearful noise came from the empty shed.
查看翻译和讲解 空棚子里传来可怕的声音。
a fearful noise
Fearful of means afraid of; this word is less common than afraid in everyday speech.
100
fearless
▶ /ˈfɪələs/ · adj.
not afraid of danger or difficulty
无畏的；勇敢的
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 无畏的；勇敢的
not afraid of danger or difficulty
常见表达 a fearless leader fearless reporter fearless in the face of
The fearless reporter asked difficult questions.
查看翻译和讲解 这位无畏的记者提出了尖锐的问题。
fearless reporter
She was fearless in the face of strong winds.
查看翻译和讲解 面对强风，她毫不畏惧。
fearless in the face of
Fearless is positive when it means brave, but courage should still be sensible.
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
vt., vi. 惊吓；使害怕
to make someone feel afraid; to become frightened
常见表达 scare sb scare easily
The loud thunder scared the dog.
查看翻译和讲解 响亮的雷声吓到了狗。
scared the dog
I do not scare easily in the dark.
查看翻译和讲解 我在黑暗中不容易害怕。
scare easily
scare sb 表示使某人害怕。
n. [C] 惊吓；恐慌
a sudden feeling or event that causes fear
常见表达 give sb a scare a health scare
The strange noise gave us a scare.
查看翻译和讲解 奇怪的声音吓了我们一跳。
gave us a scare
The report caused a health scare in the town.
查看翻译和讲解 这份报道在镇上引发了健康恐慌。
health scare
可数名词。
102
scared
▶ /skeəd/ · adj.
frightened of something or worried that it may happen
害怕的；对……感到恐惧的
学习关联：围绕恐惧区分使人害怕、感到害怕和无畏。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 害怕的；对……感到恐惧的
frightened of something or worried that it may happen
常见表达 scared of scared to do sth
The child is scared of the barking dog.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子害怕那只吠叫的狗。
scared of
She was scared to speak in front of the class.
查看翻译和讲解 她害怕在全班面前讲话。
scared to speak
常作表语，后接 of 或 to do。
联想 fright 是名词，可作不可数“惊吓/恐怖”，也可作可数名词指一次吓人的经历；take fright 表“受惊”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 惊吓；恐怖
突然或强烈的害怕感。
常见表达 with fright shake with fright cry with fright be full of fright
The child cried with fright during the storm.
查看翻译和讲解 暴风雨中孩子吓哭了。
with fright shows the feeling.
Her face was pale with fright.
查看翻译和讲解 她吓得脸色苍白。
fright can be an uncountable feeling.
n. [C] 使人惊吓的经历
一次让人害怕或受惊的事。
常见表达 a fright a terrible fright give sb. a fright take fright
The sudden call gave me a fright.
查看翻译和讲解 突然的电话吓了我一跳。
give sb. a fright is common.
The horse took fright and ran away.
查看翻译和讲解 那匹马受惊后跑开了。
take fright is a collocation.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Fear kept him awake.
fear 更通用；fright 常是突然惊吓。
That noise gave us a scare.
scare 可作名词，较口语。
She showed courage in danger.
courage 是面对恐惧的品质。
He stayed calm in the dark.
calm 与 fright 的情绪状态相反。
The noise frightened the child.
frighten 是动词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 fright 是本组名词核心，可发展出 frighten/frightened/frightening/frightful。
The dog frightened the child.
The film was frightening.
词族导图 frighten 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 frightened 描述感受者自己害怕，常见 be frightened of sth.、be frightened to do sth.、look/feel frightened。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 受惊的；害怕的
描述人或动物感到害怕。
常见表达 be frightened of sth. be frightened to do sth. look frightened feel frightened
The little boy was frightened of the dark.
查看翻译和讲解 这个小男孩害怕黑暗。
be frightened of + noun.
She was too frightened to move.
查看翻译和讲解 她吓得不敢动。
frightened describes the feeling.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
She is afraid of dogs.
afraid 更常用。
The child looked scared.
scared 较口语。
He was brave enough to speak.
brave 表不被恐惧控制。
She stayed calm during the test.
calm 与 frightened 的状态相反。
It was a frightening noise.
frightening 描述让人害怕的事物。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 frightened = frighten + -ed，描述感受者；frightening = frighten + -ing，描述造成恐惧的事物。
The sound was frightening.
词族导图 frighten 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 frightening 描述造成恐惧的事物，而不是感到害怕的人。The film is frightening; I am frightened.
意思、用法与例句
adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
描述声音、经历、消息或场景让人害怕。
常见表达 a frightening noise a frightening experience frightening news look frightening
It was a frightening experience for everyone.
查看翻译和讲解 这对每个人来说都是一次吓人的经历。
frightening describes the experience.
The frightening noise woke the whole family.
查看翻译和讲解 吓人的声音吵醒了全家。
the thing causes fear.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The story was scary.
scary 更口语。
The report was alarming.
alarming 强调引起担忧或警觉。
Her voice was comforting.
comforting 产生相反感受。
The news was reassuring.
reassuring 与 frightening 的效果相反。
The child was frightened.
frightened 描述感受者。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 frightening = frighten + -ing，表示“让别人害怕的”。
The storm frightened them.
词族导图 frighten 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 frightful 可表示“令人惊恐的、可怕的”，也常可引申为“很糟糕的”。常见例句强调 frightful 是“令人害怕”，frightened 是“自己害怕”。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 令人惊恐的；可怕的
描述事物可怕、糟糕或令人害怕。
常见表达 a frightful sight a frightful noise frightful weather look frightful
The giant was frightful.
查看翻译和讲解 那巨人令人害怕。
frightful describes the thing that causes fear.
The giant was frightened.
查看翻译和讲解 那巨人自己感到害怕。
frightened describes the one who feels fear.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The weather was terrible.
terrible 可表示很糟，不一定吓人。
The cave looked scary.
scary 更口语。
It was a pleasant morning.
pleasant 与 frightful 的感受相反。
We had a wonderful time.
wonderful 与 frightful 的糟糕义相反。
The giant was frightened.
frightened 是自己害怕。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 frightful = fright + -ful，可描述令人害怕或很糟糕的事物；不要和 frightened 混用。
The giant was frightened.
The story was frightening.
词族导图 frighten 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 salt 是不可数名词，表示食盐或盐分。重点短语 worth one's salt 用“盐曾很有价值”的背景记“称职、胜任”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 盐；食盐
用于调味、保存食物或指食物中的盐分，通常不可数。
常见表达 add salt too much salt a little salt sea salt
Please add a little salt to the soup.
查看翻译和讲解 请往汤里加一点盐。
salt is usually uncountable.
Eating too much salt is bad for your health.
查看翻译和讲解 吃太多盐对健康不好。
too much salt uses much because salt is uncountable.
phr. worth one's salt
表示某人胜任、称职，常用于评价工作能力。
常见表达 worth one's salt any teacher worth her salt any worker worth his salt
Any cook worth his salt can make a simple meal taste good.
查看翻译和讲解 任何称职的厨师都能把简单的一餐做得好吃。
worth one's salt means capable.
A guide worth her salt knows the history of the town.
查看翻译和讲解 一名称职的导游了解这座城镇的历史。
the phrase evaluates ability.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Salt is a common seasoning.
seasoning 是上位词，salt 是一种具体调味品。
Salt is a useful mineral in food.
mineral 是类别词，不是普通同义词。
Do you want salt or sugar?
sugar 与 salt 都是白色调味物，但味道相反。
The soup tasted fresh and light.
fresh 可与 salty 味道形成对比。
The soup is too salty.
salty 是 salt + -y。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 salt 是核心实物词；salty 是 salt + -y。salary 和 salad 通过历史或记忆线与 salt 相连，但现代意义分别是薪水和沙拉，不是 salt 的同义派生。
She receives a monthly salary.
词族导图 salt 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 salty 是 salt + -y，描述食物、海水或空气含盐、带咸味。它描述味道，不等于 salary 或 salad。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 含盐的；咸的
描述食物、饮料或水含盐，尝起来咸。
常见表达 salty food too salty salty water a salty taste
The soup is too salty for me.
查看翻译和讲解 这汤对我来说太咸了。
too salty describes taste.
Some plants can live near salty water.
查看翻译和讲解 有些植物能在咸水附近生长。
salty can describe water containing salt.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We ate salted peanuts.
salted 强调加过盐；salty 强调尝起来咸。
The pie has a savory taste.
savory 是味道类别，范围比 salty 宽。
The cake is sweet.
sweet 与 salty 是常见味道对比。
The salad tastes fresh.
fresh 可表示味道清淡或新鲜。
Add a little salt.
salt 是名词，salty 是形容词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 salty = salt + -y，-y 把名词变成形容词，表示“有……特征的”。
Too much salt is unhealthy.
His salary is paid monthly.
词族导图 salt 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 salary 表示定期支付的薪水，常见 monthly/annual salary。它与 salt 有历史记忆线，但现代用法完全是工作收入。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 薪金；薪水
工作中定期获得的固定收入，通常按月或按年计算。
常见表达 monthly salary annual salary a high salary receive a salary
She receives a monthly salary from the company.
查看翻译和讲解 她从公司领取月薪。
monthly salary is a common pattern.
The job offers a good salary and training.
查看翻译和讲解 这份工作提供不错的薪水和培训。
salary can be countable when referring to one pay amount.
n. [C,U] 工资收入语境
与职业、职位、公司和收入水平连用。
常见表达 salary increase salary cut starting salary basic salary
His starting salary was lower than he expected.
查看翻译和讲解 他的起薪比预期低。
starting salary is the first regular pay.
Many workers hope for a salary increase this year.
查看翻译和讲解 许多员工希望今年加薪。
salary increase means higher regular pay.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The pay is good for part-time work.
pay 更通用；salary 通常是固定定期薪水。
Workers are paid a weekly wage.
wage 常按小时、天或周计算。
His income includes rent from a small shop.
income 范围更广，可包括工资以外收入。
Rent is our biggest expense.
salary 是收入，expense 是支出。
Salt was valuable in ancient times.
salt 只是历史记忆线，现代 salary 不表示盐。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 salary 可借“古代盐很珍贵、工资与盐有关”的记忆线学习，但现代意义是固定薪水。
Salt was once very valuable.
词族导图 salt 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 salad 是食物词，可指蔬菜沙拉、水果沙拉或凉拌菜。它与 salt 有记忆线，但现代重点是冷菜或混合菜。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 沙拉；色拉
冷的混合菜，常由蔬菜、水果或其他食物组成。
常见表达 green salad fruit salad make a salad a bowl of salad
We had chicken and a green salad for lunch.
查看翻译和讲解 午餐我们吃了鸡肉和蔬菜沙拉。
green salad is a common food phrase.
She made a fruit salad for the picnic.
查看翻译和讲解 她为野餐做了一份水果沙拉。
fruit salad is a clear type.
n. [C,U] 凉拌菜；配菜
也可指冷的凉拌菜或配菜，常和 dressing 连用。
常见表达 salad dressing potato salad side salad cold salad
The potato salad was served cold.
查看翻译和讲解 土豆沙拉是冷着端上来的。
salad can be a cold side dish.
Please put the salad dressing on the side.
查看翻译和讲解 请把沙拉酱放在旁边。
salad dressing is a common collocation.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A vegetable dish can be hot or cold.
salad 通常是冷的混合菜。
The meal began with a cold dish.
cold dish 范围更广。
We had soup before the main course.
soup 是液体热菜，salad 多是冷菜。
Fish was the main course.
salad 常作配菜或轻食。
Add a little salt to the salad.
salt 可用于调味，但 salad 是菜品。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 salad 可借 salt 的历史/食物记忆线学习，但现代意义是沙拉或凉拌菜，不是 salty 的形容词派生。
The dressing is too salty.
词族导图 salt 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 insect 是可数名词，指昆虫。可用“身体可分成头、胸、腹”帮助记忆，但学习时重点是 six legs、wings、bees/ants 等生物语境。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 昆虫
小型动物，通常有六条腿，身体可分成几部分，有些有翅膀。
常见表达 an insect many insects insect bites insect spray
Bees and ants are common insects.
查看翻译和讲解 蜜蜂和蚂蚁是常见昆虫。
insect is a countable animal noun.
The farmer used insect spray to protect the plants.
查看翻译和讲解 农民用杀虫喷雾保护植物。
insect can modify another noun.
n. [C] 自然与科学语境
常出现在自然观察、农业、生态和科学阅读中。
常见表达 study insects protect insects insect life insect species
Students studied insect life near the river.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们研究了河边的昆虫生活。
insect life is a nature-reading phrase.
Some insect species are important for plants.
查看翻译和讲解 有些昆虫物种对植物很重要。
species collocates naturally with insect.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A bug flew into the room.
bug 更口语，范围有时比 insect 宽。
An ant is carrying food.
ant 是一种 insect。
A bee landed on the flower.
bee 是一种 insect。
A bird built a nest in the tree.
bird 有羽毛和两条腿，不是 insect。
Read the first section of the article.
section 与 insect 共享切分记忆线，不是同义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 insect 可借“cut into parts”记身体分段；section 是切开的部分，sex 可借“分开成类别”的记忆线。三词现代意义要分开。
The form asks for age and sex.
词族导图 insect / section / sex 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 section 的根义是“切分出来的一部分”。可指文章段落、区域部分、组织部门，也可指某物的一个切面或部分。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 段；部分
一个文本、区域、物体或群体中的一部分。
常见表达 a section of the first section in this section a large section
Read the first section of the article carefully.
查看翻译和讲解 仔细阅读文章的第一部分。
section often means part of a text.
This section of the road is closed today.
查看翻译和讲解 这段路今天封闭。
section can mean part of a place.
n. [C] 部门；版块
组织、商店、报纸或网站中的一个部门或版块。
常见表达 sports section business section sales section children's section
The sports section of the newspaper is very popular.
查看翻译和讲解 报纸的体育版很受欢迎。
section can mean a part of a newspaper.
She works in the sales section of the company.
查看翻译和讲解 她在公司的销售部门工作。
section can mean a department.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This part of the story is funny.
part 更普通，section 更强调被划分出的部分。
The company opened a new division.
division 更正式，常用于组织分部。
Look at the whole picture.
whole 与 section 的部分义相反。
An insect has a body divided into parts.
insect 只共享切分记忆线。
The department needs a new manager.
department 对应 section 的组织义。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 section 可按 cut part 记为“切分出的部分”。它与 insect/sex 共享记忆线，但现代核心是 part/department。
The survey records age and sex.
词族导图 insect / section / sex 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sex 在本单元按“性别/生物类别”学习，常与 male、female、age、form、biology 搭配。记忆线是“分开成类别”，不要和 insect/section 混成同义词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 性；性别
人、动物或生物的男性/雄性、女性/雌性类别。
常见表达 age and sex male or female by sex sex differences
The form asks for your age and sex.
查看翻译和讲解 这张表格要求填写年龄和性别。
age and sex is a common pair.
Some animals look different depending on their sex.
查看翻译和讲解 有些动物会因性别不同而外形不同。
sex can be used in a biology context.
n. [C,U] 分类语境
在统计、科学或表格中用于分类，不直接表示性格或身份感。
常见表达 classify by sex sex of an animal sex ratio both sexes
The researchers classified the birds by sex and age.
查看翻译和讲解 研究者按性别和年龄给鸟分类。
classify by sex shows category use.
Both sexes took part in the study.
查看翻译和讲解 两种性别都参与了这项研究。
both sexes is a formal phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The school respects gender equality.
gender 更常用于社会身份或平等话题；sex 更偏生物分类。
The male bird has brighter colors.
male 是 sex 的一类。
The female bird built the nest.
female 是 sex 的一类。
Please write your age on the form.
age 常和 sex 一起出现在表格或统计中。
The book has three sections.
section 与 sex 只共享分割记忆线。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sex 可借 sect/sex 的“分开成类别”记性别。insect 和 section 也有切分线索，但现代意义分别是昆虫和部分。
Male students may join too.
词族导图 insect / section / sex 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
114
obey
▶ 星标
[ə'bei] · v. · Page 280
to do what a rule, law, or person tells you to do
服从；顺从；遵守
联想 obey 的对象通常是规则、法律、命令或有权威的人，重点是“按要求去做”。反向是 disobey。
意思、用法与例句
v. 服从；遵守规则或法律
按规则、法律或命令行动。
常见表达 obey the law obey rules obey an order obey instructions
Drivers must obey the traffic rules.
查看翻译和讲解 司机必须遵守交通规则。
obey often takes rules or laws as object.
The soldiers were ordered to obey their commander.
查看翻译和讲解 士兵被命令服从指挥官。
obey can take a person in authority.
v. 顺从；听从
听从父母、老师或建议，语气可能正式或强调纪律。
常见表达 obey parents obey a teacher obey advice obey without question
Children should learn to obey safety instructions.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子们应该学会遵守安全指示。
safety instructions are a natural object.
He obeyed the doctor's advice and rested for a week.
查看翻译和讲解 他听从医生建议休息了一周。
obey advice is possible in formal style.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Follow the rules during the game.
follow 更普通；obey 更强调权威或纪律。
We should observe public rules.
observe rules/laws 更正式。
The company complied with the law.
comply with 更正式，常接 rules/laws。
He disobeyed the order.
disobey 是 obey 的反向。
They resisted unfair rules.
resist 是主动抗拒，不是遵从。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 obey 是核心动词；obedient 是形容词，disobey 用 dis- 表反向。audience 通过 audi“听”的记忆线与本组相连，但现代意义是听众/观众。
Do not disobey safety rules.
The audience listened carefully.
词族导图 obey 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 obedient 描述人或动物愿意听从命令、规则或训练。它是形容词，常见 be obedient to sb. 或 obedient child/dog。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 顺从的；服从的
愿意听从规则、命令或训练。
常见表达 be obedient to an obedient child an obedient dog obedient to rules
The dog is obedient and follows simple commands.
查看翻译和讲解 这只狗很听话，会服从简单指令。
obedient describes a trained animal or person.
Students are expected to be obedient to school rules.
查看翻译和讲解 学生应当遵守学校规则。
be obedient to shows the object of obedience.
adj. 唯命是从的
过分顺从或缺少独立判断时可带负面语气。
常见表达 too obedient blindly obedient obedient worker obedient attitude
A good learner is not blindly obedient; she asks questions.
查看翻译和讲解 好的学习者不是盲目顺从，而是会提问。
blindly obedient can be negative.
He was obedient in class but still had his own ideas.
查看翻译和讲解 他在课堂上守规矩，但仍有自己的想法。
obedient does not always mean weak.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The children were well-behaved during the trip.
well-behaved 更日常，常说孩子行为好。
The team was compliant with the rules.
compliant 更正式。
The disobedient child ignored the warning.
disobedient 是形容词反义。
He was rebellious as a teenager.
rebellious 强调反抗态度。
Drivers must obey the law.
obey 是动词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 obedient 是 obey 词族形容词；记忆线索提示 obey 到 obedient 有拼写变化，记住 -edient 形。
词族导图 obey 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 disobey = dis- + obey，方向是“不服从/不遵守”。对象常是 rule、law、order、instruction。
意思、用法与例句
v. 不服从；违抗
拒绝或没有按规则、法律或命令去做。
常见表达 disobey rules disobey an order disobey the law disobey instructions
Anyone who disobeys the safety rules may get hurt.
查看翻译和讲解 任何不遵守安全规则的人都可能受伤。
disobey rules is the main pattern.
The soldier was punished for disobeying an order.
查看翻译和讲解 这名士兵因违抗命令受到处罚。
disobey an order is strong and formal.
v. 不听从
不按父母、老师或权威的要求行动。
常见表达 disobey parents disobey a teacher disobey advice disobey deliberately
He knew the rule but disobeyed it deliberately.
查看翻译和讲解 他知道规则，却故意违反。
deliberately adds intention.
Children should not disobey traffic instructions.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子们不应该违反交通指示。
traffic instructions are a natural object.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
He broke the school rule.
break a rule 更口语；disobey 强调不服从。
The company violated the law.
violate 更正式，常接 law/rule/right。
Please obey the rules.
obey 是反向。
Follow the instructions carefully.
follow instructions 与 disobey instructions 方向相反。
The child was obedient.
obedient 是形容词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 disobey = dis- + obey，dis- 表否定或反向。
词族导图 obey 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 audience 是集体名词，指听演讲、看表演或节目的人群。它可整体用单数谓语，也可强调成员个体时用复数谓语。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 听众；观众
观看或聆听演讲、表演、节目的人群。
常见表达 the audience a large audience talk to an audience audience members
Talk directly to your audience and make a connection.
查看翻译和讲解 直接和你的听众交流，并建立联系。
audience is the people listening or watching.
The audience clapped loudly after the speech.
查看翻译和讲解 演讲结束后观众热烈鼓掌。
audience can act as a group.
n. [C] 集体名词用法
作主语时，可把 audience 看作整体，也可强调许多个体。
常见表达 the audience is the audience are audience members a TV audience
The audience was silent during the final scene.
查看翻译和讲解 最后一幕时观众席一片安静。
singular verb treats the group as one body.
Some audience members were taking notes.
查看翻译和讲解 一些观众成员正在做笔记。
audience members avoids verb-number confusion.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The listeners asked good questions.
listeners 强调听；audience 可听也可看。
Millions of viewers watched the program.
viewers 强调观看节目。
The spectators cheered at the game.
spectators 常用于比赛或现场事件。
The speaker stood at the front of the hall.
speaker 是说的人，audience 是听的人。
Students should obey safety rules.
obey 与 audience 只通过听/服从记忆线相连。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 audience 可借 audi = hear/listen 记“听众”。它和 obey/obedient 的听从线有记忆联系，但现代意义是观众或听众。
词族导图 obey 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 any 的核心是“开放选择”：在疑问和否定中常表示“一些/任何”，在肯定句中可表示“任一、无论哪一个”。复合词里 any- 表“任何”。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / pron. 疑问、否定中的一些/任何
用于问题或否定句，询问或否认是否存在某些人、物或数量。
常见表达 any questions not any any of without any
Do you have any questions about the text?
查看翻译和讲解 你对这篇课文有问题吗？
any is common in questions.
There isn't any milk in the fridge.
查看翻译和讲解 冰箱里没有牛奶了。
not any means no.
adj. / pron. 任何一个；任一的
表示选择不受限制，哪一个都可以。
常见表达 any student any time any of them choose any
You may choose any book from this shelf.
查看翻译和讲解 你可以从这个书架上任选一本书。
any means no matter which one.
Any of these answers could be correct.
查看翻译和讲解 这些答案中任何一个都可能是正确的。
any of + plural group.
adj. 复合词中的 any-
anyone、anything、anywhere 分别对应任何人、任何事物、任何地方。
常见表达 anyone anything anywhere any- + person/thing/place
In compounds, any- often means no matter which.
查看翻译和讲解 在复合词中，any- 常表示无论哪一个。
compound pattern explanation.
Anyone can ask anything from anywhere in the online class.
查看翻译和讲解 在线课堂中任何人都可以从任何地方提问任何事情。
person, thing, and place compounds.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
I need some paper.
some 常偏肯定或“某些”；any 常用于疑问、否定或任一选择。
Every student has a card.
every 强调全部个体；any 强调任一选择。
There is no water left.
not any 常等于 no。
Anyone can join the club.
anyone 是人。
Do you need anything else?
anything 是事物。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 any- 加 person/thing/place 形成 anyone、anything、anywhere。记忆线索提示 any 表“任何”，some 表“某一”。
词族导图 any 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 some 的核心是“某些/一些”：比 any 更偏肯定或确定一点；也可表示“某一”。some- 复合词通常指某个人、某事物或某处。
意思、用法与例句
adj. / pron. 一些；若干
表示数量或量不精确，可接可数复数或不可数名词。
常见表达 some students some water some of need some
Some students stayed after class to ask questions.
查看翻译和讲解 一些学生课后留下来问问题。
some can modify countable plural nouns.
Would you like some water?
查看翻译和讲解 你想喝点水吗？
some is natural in offers.
adj. 有些；某一
指部分人或事物，或某个未明说的人、时间、地点。
常见表达 some people some reason some day some time
Some people prefer studying in the morning.
查看翻译和讲解 有些人更喜欢早上学习。
some can mean certain people.
We will visit that museum some day.
查看翻译和讲解 我们总有一天会参观那座博物馆。
some day means an unspecified day.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Several students raised their hands.
several 只接可数复数，some 可接可数或不可数。
A few books are missing.
a few 偏可数少量。
Do you have any questions?
any 更常用于疑问、否定或任一选择。
All students must attend.
all 是全部，some 是一部分。
None of the answers is easy.
none 表零，some 表有一些。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 some- 加 one/thing/where/what 形成 someone、something、somewhere、somewhat。some- 常表示某个或一些，any- 更强调任何或开放选择。
Someone knocked at the door.
Tell me something interesting.
Let's go somewhere quiet.
The answer is somewhat unclear.
词族导图 some 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 anyone 指人，常用于疑问、否定和开放选择。要注意 anyone 比 anybody 更正式。
意思、用法与例句
pron. 任何人；无论谁
不限定是哪一个人，谁都可以或谁都不可以。
常见表达 anyone can ask anyone anyone who anyone else
Anyone can join the school reading club.
查看翻译和讲解 任何人都可以加入学校阅读社团。
anyone means any person.
Ask anyone in the class for help.
查看翻译和讲解 向班里任何人求助都可以。
ask anyone leaves the person open.
pron. 疑问、否定中的任何人
询问或否认是否有某个人。
常见表达 Is anyone...? not anyone without anyone anyone there
Is anyone waiting outside the room?
查看翻译和讲解 有人在房间外面等吗？
anyone is common in questions.
I did not see anyone in the library.
查看翻译和讲解 我在图书馆没有看到任何人。
not anyone means no one.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Anybody can try this game.
anybody 更口语；anyone 稍正式。
Someone left a message.
someone 指某个不确定的人；anyone 更开放。
Everyone should bring a notebook.
everyone 指全部人；anyone 指任一人。
No one knew the answer.
not anyone 等于 no one。
Do you need anything?
anything 指事物，不指人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 anyone = any + one，指任何一个人；比 anybody 稍正式。
词族导图 any 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 someone 指某个未说明的人，比 somebody 稍正式。be someone 可表示“是个人物/有地位的人”。
意思、用法与例句
pron. 某人；有人
指某个身份未说明或姓名未知的人。
常见表达 someone is someone else ask someone someone who
Someone left a notebook on the desk.
查看翻译和讲解 有人把一本笔记本落在桌上。
someone means a person not named.
You should ask someone else for advice.
查看翻译和讲解 你应该向其他人寻求建议。
someone else means another person.
n. [sing.] 重要人物
be someone 表示有名气、有地位或是个人物。
常见表达 be someone become someone think oneself someone
He wants to become someone in the music world.
查看翻译和讲解 他想在音乐界成为一个人物。
become someone means become important.
She worked hard because she wanted to be someone.
查看翻译和讲解 她努力工作，因为她想成为有影响力的人。
be someone is an idiomatic noun use.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Somebody called while you were out.
somebody 更口语；someone 稍正式。
A person was waiting outside.
a person 更普通直白。
Anyone can take part.
anyone 更开放，someone 指某个未说明的人。
No one answered.
no one 表没人。
Something happened.
something 指事物，不指人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 someone = some + one，指某个人；比 somebody 稍正式。
词族导图 some 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 anything 指事物，不指人或地点。它可在疑问/否定中表示“什么东西/任何东西”，也可在肯定句中表示“任何事情都可以”。
意思、用法与例句
pron. 某事物；任何事物
指不限定的一件事、一个东西或一个情况。
常见表达 anything else do anything anything can happen anything about
Do you need anything else before class?
查看翻译和讲解 上课前你还需要什么东西吗？
anything is common in questions.
Anything can happen in a close game.
查看翻译和讲解 势均力敌的比赛中任何事都可能发生。
anything can mean any possible thing.
pron. 否定中的任何东西
和 not 连用时相当于 nothing。
常见表达 not anything without anything hardly anything anything at all
She did not say anything about the plan.
查看翻译和讲解 她没有说任何关于这个计划的事。
not anything means nothing.
There was hardly anything left after lunch.
查看翻译和讲解 午餐后几乎没剩什么了。
hardly anything means almost nothing.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Something is wrong with the computer.
something 指某个不确定事物；anything 更开放或用于疑问否定。
Everything is ready.
everything 指全部；anything 指任一或某事物。
Nothing happened.
not anything 等于 nothing。
Anyone can help.
anyone 指人。
You can go anywhere.
anywhere 指地点。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 anything = any + thing，指任何事物；和 someone/something/somewhere 的 some- 形成对比。
词族导图 any 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 something 指某个未说明的事物、事情或想法。要注意不定代词后接形容词时，形容词要后置：something important。
意思、用法与例句
pron. 某事；某物
指一个未具体说明的东西、事情、想法或情况。
常见表达 say something something happened something else something about
Something happened on the way to school.
查看翻译和讲解 上学路上发生了某件事。
something points to an unnamed event.
Can I ask you something about the story?
查看翻译和讲解 我能问你一个关于这个故事的问题吗？
ask something about gives a topic.
pron. 形容词后置
形容词修饰 something 时放在后面。
常见表达 something important something new something interesting something to eat
I'll tell you something important after class.
查看翻译和讲解 课后我会告诉你一件重要的事。
adjectives come after something.
Let's find something interesting to read.
查看翻译和讲解 我们找点有趣的东西来读吧。
something + adjective + to do.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
What is that thing on the table?
thing 更具体或普通；something 是不定代词。
This matter needs attention.
matter 更正式，常指需要处理的事。
Anything is possible.
anything 更开放或用于疑问否定。
Nothing changed.
nothing 表没有任何事物。
Someone is waiting.
someone 指人。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 something = some + thing，指某个未明说的事物；形容词要后置，如 something important。
Let's go somewhere quiet.
词族导图 some 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 anywhere 指地点，表示“任何地方/无论哪里”。常见例句 anywhere, anytime 是高频搭配，表示随时随地。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 在任何地方；到任何地方
地点不受限制，哪里都可以。
常见表达 go anywhere sit anywhere anywhere else from anywhere
You can sit anywhere in this room.
查看翻译和讲解 你可以坐在这个房间里的任何地方。
anywhere means any place.
With online maps, we can find the way from anywhere.
查看翻译和讲解 有了在线地图，我们可以从任何地方找到路线。
from anywhere is a place phrase.
adv. 疑问、否定中的任何地方
询问或否认是否有某个地点。
常见表达 Is there anywhere...? not anywhere anywhere near anywhere to
Is there anywhere quiet to study?
查看翻译和讲解 有没有什么安静的地方可以学习？
anywhere appears in questions.
I could not find my keys anywhere.
查看翻译和讲解 我到处都找不到钥匙。
not anywhere means nowhere.
adv. anywhere, anytime
固定搭配，强调地点和时间都不受限制。
常见表达 anywhere, anytime from anywhere go anywhere anytime
Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
查看翻译和讲解 实际上，几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。
anywhere, anytime links place and time.
The app lets students learn anywhere, anytime.
查看翻译和讲解 这个应用让学生随时随地学习。
anywhere, anytime is common in technology contexts.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Wherever you go, keep learning.
wherever 可作连词或副词；anywhere 更常作副词。
Let's meet somewhere quiet.
somewhere 指某个不确定地点；anywhere 更开放。
Flowers were everywhere.
everywhere 指所有地方；anywhere 指任一地方。
There was nowhere to sit.
not anywhere 等于 nowhere。
Call me anytime.
anytime 是时间，anywhere 是地点。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 anywhere = any + where，表示任何地方；anyone 指人，anything 指事物。
词族导图 any 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 somewhere 指某个未说明的地点；somewhere around 还可表示“大约”，常见例句是 somewhere around two hundred dollars。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 在某处；到某处
地点存在但未具体说明。
常见表达 go somewhere somewhere quiet somewhere else live somewhere
Let's go somewhere quiet to talk.
查看翻译和讲解 我们找个安静的地方谈谈吧。
somewhere + adjective is natural.
I left my keys somewhere in the classroom.
查看翻译和讲解 我把钥匙落在教室里的某个地方了。
somewhere in gives a general place.
adv. 大约
somewhere around 后接数字，表示大约某个数量。
常见表达 somewhere around somewhere near somewhere between somewhere about
It cost somewhere around two hundred dollars.
查看翻译和讲解 买下来大约要花二百美元。
somewhere around means about.
The walk took somewhere between thirty and forty minutes.
查看翻译和讲解 步行大约花了三十到四十分钟。
somewhere between gives an approximate range.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Let's meet someplace quiet.
someplace 更口语，somewhere 更常用。
The ticket costs around fifty yuan.
around 对应 somewhere around 的大约义。
You can sit anywhere.
anywhere 更开放。
There was nowhere to hide.
nowhere 表没有地方。
The answer was somewhat surprising.
somewhat 是程度副词，不是地点。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 somewhere = some + where，指某处；somewhere around 可表示约数。
It is somewhat difficult.
词族导图 some 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 somewhat 是程度副词，比 very 弱，常用于书面语或较正式表达，表示“有点、稍微”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 稍微；有点
修饰形容词、副词或过去分词，表示程度不强。
常见表达 somewhat different somewhat difficult somewhat surprised somewhat better
The second question was somewhat difficult.
查看翻译和讲解 第二个问题有点难。
somewhat softens the degree.
She looked somewhat surprised by the news.
查看翻译和讲解 她听到这个消息显得有点惊讶。
somewhat can modify a past participle/adjective.
adv. 较正式的有点
比 a little 更书面，用于较正式或克制的表达。
常见表达 somewhat formal somewhat unusual somewhat better somewhat unclear
His answer was somewhat unclear.
查看翻译和讲解 他的回答有点不清楚。
somewhat is common in careful comments.
The new plan is somewhat better than the old one.
查看翻译和讲解 新计划比旧计划稍好一些。
somewhat can modify a comparative.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The room was rather cold.
rather 可比 somewhat 更强或更口语。
I feel a little tired.
a little 更日常。
The test was very hard.
very 程度更强。
The answer is completely wrong.
completely 表完全，和 somewhat 的部分程度相反。
Let's meet somewhere quiet.
somewhere 是地点副词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 somewhat = some + what，用作程度副词，表示 to some degree。它和 somewhere 形式近，但 meaning 一是 degree，一是 place。
Somewhere around ten students came.
词族导图 some 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 grammar 是不可数名词，指语言中词形、句子结构和表达规则。可以用 gram“写、文字”帮助记，但现代核心是语言规则。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 语法
语言中构成词和句子的规则，通常不可数。
常见表达 English grammar grammar rules grammar mistakes learn grammar
Good grammar helps readers understand your ideas.
查看翻译和讲解 良好的语法帮助读者理解你的想法。
grammar is usually uncountable.
The teacher explained two grammar rules before the exercise.
查看翻译和讲解 老师在练习前讲解了两条语法规则。
grammar rules is a common phrase.
n. [U] 语法学习与错误
常和学习、练习、错误、检查搭配。
常见表达 grammar exercises check grammar grammar point basic grammar
This grammar exercise focuses on the past tense.
查看翻译和讲解 这道语法练习重点是过去时。
grammar exercise is a learning phrase.
Check your grammar before handing in the essay.
查看翻译和讲解 交作文前检查语法。
check grammar is a natural study pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Syntax is about sentence structure.
syntax 更技术化，只是 grammar 的一部分。
Every game has rules.
rules 是上位解释；grammar 是语言规则。
Reading builds vocabulary.
vocabulary 讲词，grammar 讲规则和结构。
The diagram explains the machine.
diagram 共享 gram 写画线索，但不是语法。
The program starts at seven.
program(me) 共享 gram 写在前面的记忆线。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 grammar 借 gram = write/letter 记“文字和写作规则”。diagram、gram(me)、kilogram(me)、program(me) 共享拼写或记忆线，但现代意义不同。
The diagram explains the idea.
The bottle holds 500 grams.
The bag weighs two kilograms.
The program begins at nine.
词族导图 grammar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 diagram 是可数名词，重点是用简图说明结构、过程或关系；不是普通 picture，而是解释性的图。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 图表；图解；示意图
用线条、标注或结构说明事物如何组成或运作。
常见表达 draw a diagram look at the diagram a clear diagram label a diagram
He pointed at the diagram to illustrate his point.
查看翻译和讲解 他指着图表来说明他的论点。
diagram helps explain a point.
Draw a simple diagram of the water cycle.
查看翻译和讲解 画一张水循环的简单示意图。
draw a diagram is a key pattern.
n. [C] 学习和说明工具
常用于科学、数学、说明书和课堂讲解。
常见表达 a diagram of diagram below use a diagram show in a diagram
The diagram below shows how the machine works.
查看翻译和讲解 下方图示说明这台机器如何运作。
diagram below is common in tests.
Use a diagram to compare the two plans.
查看翻译和讲解 用一张图表比较两个方案。
diagram can show relationships.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The chart shows the sales numbers.
chart 常呈现数据；diagram 常解释结构或过程。
The drawing shows a house.
drawing 更宽泛，不一定解释结构。
The picture shows a beach.
picture 可只是照片或图像；diagram 有说明功能。
Grammar rules help form sentences.
grammar 共享 gram 线索，但核心是语言规则。
Label each part of the diagram.
diagram 常需要 label。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 diagram 可按 dia- across + gram 写/画来记：用线和标注画出结构。
The label says 200 grams.
They programmed the machine.
词族导图 grammar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 gram(me) 是重量单位“克”，缩写 g；英式可写 gramme，美式常写 gram。它和 grammar 的 gram 记忆线不同，现代重点是计量单位。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 克
公制重量/质量单位，1000 grams = 1 kilogram。
常见表达 100 grams grams of per gram g
Add 50 grams of sugar to the bowl.
查看翻译和讲解 往碗里加入50克糖。
grams of + substance is common.
The medicine label says 5 grams per packet.
查看翻译和讲解 药品标签写着每包5克。
per gram/packet is a measurement pattern.
n. [C] 英美拼写
gramme 是英式旧拼写/英式形式，gram 更常见。
常见表达 gram or gramme written as g one gram many grams
One gram is much lighter than one kilogram.
查看翻译和讲解 一克比一千克轻得多。
compare gram with kilogram.
In science class, we usually write the unit as g.
查看翻译和讲解 科学课上我们通常把这个单位写作 g。
g is the abbreviation.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A metre is a unit of length.
unit 是上位词。
The weight of the bag is two kilograms.
gram 用来量 weight/mass。
A kilogram is 1000 grams.
kilogram 是更大的单位。
A ton is much heavier than a gram.
ton 是更大的重量单位。
Grammar is about language rules.
grammar 形近但不是重量单位。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 gram(me) 是重量单位；kilogram(me) = kilo- 千 + gram(me)，即一千克。
The box weighs three kilograms.
Grammar rules are useful.
Read the diagram carefully.
词族导图 grammar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 kilogram(me) = kilo- 千 + gram(me) 克，缩写 kg。英式可写 kilogramme，美式和现代常用 kilogram。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 千克；公斤
重量/质量单位，等于1000克。
常见表达 one kilogram two kilograms kilograms of weigh kilograms
The bag of rice weighs five kilograms.
查看翻译和讲解 这袋大米重五公斤。
kilogram measures weight.
One kilogram equals one thousand grams.
查看翻译和讲解 一千克等于1000克。
kilogram and gram relationship.
n. [C] 缩写和拼写
缩写为 kg；kilogramme 是英式拼写形式。
常见表达 kg kilogram or kilogramme per kilogram half a kilogram
The price is 20 yuan per kilogram.
查看翻译和讲解 价格是每公斤20元。
per kilogram is a buying pattern.
She bought half a kilogram of apples.
查看翻译和讲解 她买了半公斤苹果。
half a kilogram is common.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
I bought two kilos of potatoes.
kilo 是 kilogram 的口语短形式，也表示 kilo- 千。
A kilogram is 1000 grams.
gram 是更小单位。
A pound is a different unit of weight.
pound 是另一套重量单位。
The empty box is light.
kilogram 用来量重量；light 描述重量小。
The bag is heavy.
heavy 是重量感觉。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 kilogram(me) = kilo- 千 + gram(me)。gram 是克，kilogram 是一千克。
There are 1000 grams in a kilogram.
词族导图 grammar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 program(me) 有英美拼写：program 常见于美式和计算机语境，programme 常见于英式“节目/计划”。可用 pro- + gram 写在前面记“预先安排”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 计划；方案
为学习、训练、活动或工作制定的一套安排。
常见表达 training program school program health program program of study
The school started a new reading program.
查看翻译和讲解 学校启动了一个新的阅读计划。
program can mean a planned set of activities.
She joined a training program during the summer.
查看翻译和讲解 她暑假参加了一个培训项目。
training program is common.
n. [C] 节目；节目单；计算机程序
可指电视广播节目、活动节目单，也可指计算机程序。
常见表达 TV program radio program program guide computer program
This TV program is popular with teenagers.
查看翻译和讲解 这个电视节目很受青少年欢迎。
TV program means a show.
The computer program checks spelling mistakes.
查看翻译和讲解 这个计算机程序检查拼写错误。
computer program is a software use.
vt. 计划；安排；预调；预设
安排步骤或给机器、计算机设定指令。
常见表达 program a machine program a computer program the robot be programmed to
The students programmed the robot to follow a line.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们给机器人编程，让它沿线行走。
program as a verb often involves machines.
The washing machine can be programmed to start later.
查看翻译和讲解 这台洗衣机可以预设为稍后启动。
be programmed to means be set to do something.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We need a clear plan.
plan 更普通，program 常是一套活动安排。
The schedule lists all events.
schedule 强调时间安排。
The show starts at eight.
show 对应电视/表演节目义。
Set the alarm for six.
set 更普通；program 强调预设指令。
Grammar rules are important.
grammar 与 program(me) 共享 gram 记忆线，但意义不同。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 program(me) 可按 pro- before + gram write 记“预先写好安排”。program/programme 是英美拼写差异，现代语境要按计划、节目、计算机程序、预设动词分开。
The diagram shows the plan.
词族导图 grammar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 law 的核心是“有约束力的规则”：社会里是法律法规，学校或组织里可指规章，自然科学里可指定律，也可指法学专业。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 法律；法规
国家或社会制定并执行的规则，可数或不可数。
常见表达 obey the law break the law criminal law civil law
Everyone should obey the law.
查看翻译和讲解 每个人都应该遵守法律。
obey the law is the key positive pattern.
The driver broke the law by running a red light.
查看翻译和讲解 那名司机闯红灯违反了法律。
break the law means do something illegal.
n. [C] 规章；条例；秩序
也可指具体规章、条例或强调社会秩序。
常见表达 local laws school laws law and order go to law
New local laws protect the old buildings.
查看翻译和讲解 新的地方法规保护这些老建筑。
law can be countable for a specific rule.
People expect the police to keep law and order.
查看翻译和讲解 人们期待警方维护法治和秩序。
law and order is a fixed phrase.
n. [C] / n. [U] 定律；规律；法学
科学里指规律或定律；学科里指法学。
常见表达 the law of nature a law of physics study law go to law
Newton's law of motion is taught in physics class.
查看翻译和讲解 牛顿运动定律在物理课上会学到。
law can mean a scientific rule.
She plans to study law at university.
查看翻译和讲解 她计划在大学学习法学。
law can name the subject.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Follow the rules during the exam.
rule 更宽泛；law 通常更正式、更有约束力。
The new regulation limits noise at night.
regulation 常指具体行政规定。
You should get legal advice.
legal 是 law 的形容词形式。
It is illegal to copy the file without permission.
illegal 表 against the law。
The police are investigating the crime.
crime 是违法犯罪行为，law 是规则体系。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 law 组按“规则体系”学习：law 是规则或法学，lawyer 是处理法律的人，legal 是法律相关或合法，illegal 是不合法。
The lawyer gave clear advice.
They asked for legal help.
Illegal parking is dangerous.
The company acted legally.
词族导图 law 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
133
rob
▶ /rɒb/ · vt.
to steal from a person or place, or deprive someone of something valuable
抢劫；掠夺；剥夺
学习关联：围绕法律与犯罪区分抢劫、偷窃和受害者。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 抢劫；掠夺；剥夺
to steal from a person or place, or deprive someone of something valuable
常见表达 rob a shop rob sb of sth
The thief robbed the shop after closing time.
查看翻译和讲解 小偷关门后抢劫了商店。
robbed the shop
The illness robbed him of his energy.
查看翻译和讲解 疾病夺走了他的精力。
robbed him of
Rob takes a person or place as object; steal takes the thing taken.
Rob someone of something can describe losing health, energy, or an opportunity, not only stolen property.
134
victim
▶ /ˈvɪktɪm/ · n.
a person or thing harmed by a crime, accident, disaster or unfair situation
受害者；牺牲品
学习关联：围绕法律与犯罪区分抢劫、偷窃和受害者。
意思、用法与例句
n. 受害者；牺牲品
a person or thing harmed by a crime, accident, disaster or unfair situation
常见表达 a victim of something support victims
Volunteers helped the victims of the flood find temporary accommodation.
查看翻译和讲解 志愿者帮助洪灾受害者寻找临时住所。
victims of 后接造成伤害的事件
The small shop became a victim of the sudden rise in rent.
查看翻译和讲解 这家小店成了租金骤涨的牺牲品。
victim 也可比喻因不利情况而受损的事物
Victim of introduces what caused the harm. The word need not mean someone has died; victims may be injured, deceived or otherwise harmed.
联想 lawyer = law + -yer，可理解为“处理法律事务的人”。注意 lawyer 是职业，不是 judge，也不等于 law 这门学科。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 律师
提供法律建议、准备法律文件或在法庭上代表他人的人。
常见表达 hire a lawyer talk to a lawyer ask a lawyer a family lawyer
You should talk to a lawyer before signing the contract.
查看翻译和讲解 签合同前你应该咨询律师。
talk to a lawyer is natural for advice.
The lawyer explained the law in simple words.
查看翻译和讲解 律师用简单的话解释了法律。
lawyer works with law.
n. [C] 案件和法律领域
常和 criminal、civil、family 等法律领域搭配。
常见表达 criminal lawyer civil lawyer defence lawyer lawyer in court
A criminal lawyer helped the young man in court.
查看翻译和讲解 一名刑事律师在法庭上帮助了那个年轻人。
criminal lawyer is in the book collocation.
Her lawyer prepared the papers for the case.
查看翻译和讲解 她的律师为案件准备了文件。
lawyer often appears with case/court.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The attorney spoke for the family.
attorney 多见于美式或法律语境，lawyer 更常用。
The company hired a legal adviser.
legal adviser 强调提供建议，不一定出庭。
The judge listened carefully.
judge 裁判案件；lawyer 代表或建议当事人。
The lawyer met his client before the trial.
client 是律师服务的人。
She studies law.
law 是领域或规则，lawyer 是职业。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 lawyer 由 law 加表示人的后缀构成，意思是从事法律工作的人。
词族导图 law 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 legal 有两条常用线：一是“法律相关的”，如 legal advice；二是“合法的、法定的”，和 illegal 正相反。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 法律的
与法律、法庭、权利、文件或专业建议有关。
常见表达 legal advice legal rights legal adviser legal document
The family asked for legal advice after the accident.
查看翻译和讲解 事故后这家人寻求法律建议。
legal advice means advice about law.
Students should learn about their legal rights.
查看翻译和讲解 学生应该了解自己的法律权利。
legal rights is a common civic phrase.
adj. 合法的；法定的
被法律允许或由法律规定。
常见表达 be legal legal age legal limit legal way
It is legal to ride a bike on this road.
查看翻译和讲解 在这条路上骑自行车是合法的。
legal means allowed by law.
You must be over the legal age to drive.
查看翻译和讲解 你必须达到法定年龄才能开车。
legal age means set by law.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The action was lawful.
lawful 更正式，legal 更常用。
Phones are not permitted here.
permitted 强调被规则允许。
Illegal dumping harms the river.
illegal 是 legal 的反义词。
The arrest was unlawful.
unlawful 更正式。
The lawyer gave legal advice.
lawyer 常提供 legal advice。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 legal 来自 law 的形容词线，表示与 law 有关或被 law 允许；il- + legal 构成 illegal。
The law protects children.
The lawyer checked the document.
It is illegal to drive through a red light.
They entered the country legally.
词族导图 law 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 illegal = il- not + legal，表示“不合法的、违法的”。常用句型是 It is illegal to do sth.，后面接具体行为。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 非法的；不合法的
行为、交易、停车等违反法律或规定。
常见表达 illegal parking illegal trade illegal action against the law
It's illegal to drive through a red light.
查看翻译和讲解 开车闯红灯是违法行为。
It is illegal to do something is the key sentence pattern.
Illegal parking can block the road and cause danger.
查看翻译和讲解 违法停车会堵塞道路并造成危险。
illegal often modifies an action or activity.
adj. + to do It is illegal to do sth.
用形式主语 it 引出“做某事违法”。
常见表达 It is illegal to do sth. illegal to sell illegal to enter illegal to copy
It is illegal to sell cigarettes to children.
查看翻译和讲解 向儿童出售香烟是违法的。
the real action comes after to.
It is illegal to copy the software without permission.
查看翻译和讲解 未经许可复制该软件是违法的。
illegal to copy shows a forbidden action.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The company made an unlawful agreement.
unlawful 更正式，illegal 更常用。
Smoking is forbidden here.
forbidden 可由法律、规则或命令禁止。
It is legal to park here.
legal 是直接反义词。
Stealing is a crime.
crime 是违法行为或罪行；illegal 是形容词。
The law protects workers.
illegal 的判断依据是 law。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 illegal = il- 表否定 + legal。注意 il- 在 l 前变形，和 impossible、irregular 一样都是否定前缀变体。
This is a legal way to solve the problem.
Breaking the law can lead to punishment.
A lawyer can explain the rule.
They entered the building illegally.
词族导图 law 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 night 指从傍晚后到早晨前的黑暗时间，可作不可数时间，也可作可数的一晚。tonight、overnight、fortnight 都沿着 night 的时间线扩展。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 夜晚；晚上
泛指夜间这段时间，常用 at night。
常见表达 at night late at night during the night night and day
The city is quiet at night.
查看翻译和讲解 这座城市夜晚很安静。
at night is the main time phrase.
It rained heavily during the night.
查看翻译和讲解 夜间雨下得很大。
during the night focuses on the time period.
n. [C] 一晚；某个夜晚
指一个具体夜晚或若干晚。
常见表达 last night one night Friday night spend the night
I finished the book last night.
查看翻译和讲解 我昨晚读完了这本书。
last night means the night before today.
We spent one night in a small hotel.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在一家小旅馆住了一晚。
one night is countable.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The museum looks beautiful at nighttime.
nighttime 更强调夜间时段。
We met in the evening.
evening 通常比 night 早。
We travelled during the day.
day 和 night 对比。
The meeting is tonight.
tonight 是 this night。
The temperature dropped overnight.
overnight 表跨过夜晚或突然发生。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 night 组是一条时间线：tonight = this night，overnight = over/during one night，fortnight = fourteen nights。
The news spread overnight.
The trip lasted a fortnight.
词族导图 night 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 fortnight 是英式常用词，意思是 two weeks。可用 fourteen nights 来记，但现代使用时直接理解为“两周”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C, usually sing.] 两星期；十四天
一段两周的时间，常用单数 a fortnight。
常见表达 in a fortnight for a fortnight a fortnight later within a fortnight
Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive.
查看翻译和讲解 谢谢你的来信，这封信两星期才到。
a fortnight means two weeks.
The camp will begin in a fortnight.
查看翻译和讲解 夏令营将在两周后开始。
in a fortnight means after two weeks.
n. [C] 两周周期
也可表示每两周或持续两周。
常见表达 every fortnight once a fortnight a fortnight's holiday the next fortnight
We visit our grandparents once a fortnight.
查看翻译和讲解 我们每两周看望一次祖父母。
once a fortnight means every two weeks.
She took a fortnight's holiday in July.
查看翻译和讲解 她七月休了两周假。
fortnight's can modify another noun.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The project took two weeks.
two weeks 是最直接的现代说法。
A week has seven days.
a fortnight equals two weeks。
The course lasts one month.
month 比 fortnight 长，长度约四周。
It was a cold night.
fortnight 的记忆线来自 fourteen nights。
The letter did not arrive overnight.
overnight 是一夜，fortnight 是两周。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 fortnight 可按 fourteen nights 记“两周”。它常见于英式英语，高考阅读中遇到时直接换成 two weeks。
The road is quiet at night.
词族导图 night 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 tonight = this night，可作副词表示“今晚做某事”，也可作名词表示“今晚这段时间”。不要和 last night 或 tomorrow night 混。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 在今晚；在今夜
作时间副词，常放句尾或句首。
常见表达 tonight at eight see you tonight come tonight leave tonight
The concert starts at seven tonight.
查看翻译和讲解 音乐会今晚七点开始。
tonight can stand at the end of a sentence.
Are you free to practice vocabulary tonight?
查看翻译和讲解 你今晚有空练习词汇吗？
tonight works as a time adverb.
n. [U] 今晚；今夜
作名词时表示今晚这段时间，常见 tonight's + noun。
常见表达 tonight's show tonight's meeting from tonight before tonight
Tonight's show will begin after the news.
查看翻译和讲解 今晚的节目将在新闻之后开始。
tonight's can modify a noun.
Tonight is important for our team.
查看翻译和讲解 今晚对我们队很重要。
tonight can be the subject.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Let's meet this evening.
this evening 常偏傍晚，tonight 可到夜里。
I slept well last night.
last night 是过去，tonight 是今天晚上。
The match is tomorrow night.
tomorrow night 是下一晚。
Today is Monday.
today 是今天整天，tonight 是今晚。
The stars are bright at night.
tonight = this night。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 tonight 可看作 to + night 的固定现代词，意思是 this night。
The baby slept all night.
The price doubled overnight.
I'll return in a fortnight.
词族导图 night 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 overnight 有三条常用线：时间上“在夜间/过夜”，结果上“一夜之间、突然”，形容词上“夜间的/一晚的”。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 一夜之间；在夜间
事情在夜里发生、持续或完成。
常见表达 stay overnight change overnight drop overnight develop overnight
The temperature dropped overnight.
查看翻译和讲解 气温一夜之间降了下来。
overnight can describe a change during the night.
We stayed overnight at a small hotel.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在一家小旅馆住了一夜。
stay overnight means stay for the night.
adv. 突然；一下子
强调变化很快，好像一夜之间发生。
常见表达 become famous overnight spread overnight change overnight happen overnight
The singer became famous overnight after the video spread.
查看翻译和讲解 视频传播后，那位歌手一夜成名。
overnight can mean suddenly.
Success does not usually happen overnight.
查看翻译和讲解 成功通常不会一夜之间发生。
not happen overnight is a useful pattern.
adj. 夜间的；突然的
放在名词前，表示夜间/一晚的，或突然出现的。
常见表达 overnight train overnight bag overnight success overnight change
We took an overnight train to Xi'an.
查看翻译和讲解 我们乘夜车去了西安。
overnight before a noun is an adjective.
The company was not an overnight success.
查看翻译和讲解 这家公司并不是一夜成功的。
overnight success is a common phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The lights suddenly went out.
suddenly 只强调速度；overnight 可带“一夜之间”的画面。
The storm came during the night.
during the night 对应 overnight 的时间义。
The town gradually changed.
gradually 和 overnight 的突然义相反。
Animals came out at night.
overnight 建立在 night 的时间线上。
The trip lasted a fortnight.
fortnight 是两周，overnight 是一夜或突然。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 overnight = over + night，先表示“过一夜/在夜间”，再引申为“突然、一夜之间”。
The train leaves tonight.
The letter took a fortnight.
词族导图 night 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 ball① 是“球”这条线：可数时是一个球或球状物，不可数时可泛指球类运动。它和 ball②“舞会”同形同音但意义完全不同。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 球
用于运动或游戏的圆形物体。
常见表达 throw a ball catch a ball kick a ball hit a ball
The child threw the ball across the yard.
查看翻译和讲解 那个孩子把球扔过院子。
throw a ball is a core collocation.
Can you catch the ball with one hand?
查看翻译和讲解 你能单手接住球吗？
catch a ball is the paired pattern.
n. [C] 球状物
像球一样圆的一团或一块东西。
常见表达 a ball of wool a ball of paper a ball of fire roll into a ball
A ball of wool rolled under the chair.
查看翻译和讲解 一团毛线滚到了椅子下面。
a ball of + material means a round mass.
She rolled the paper into a small ball.
查看翻译和讲解 她把纸揉成一个小纸团。
roll into a ball shows the shape.
n. [U] 球类运动
泛指球类游戏或运动，常见 play ball。
常见表达 play ball ball game after-school ball team ball
We played ball after school until it got dark.
查看翻译和讲解 放学后我们打球一直打到天黑。
play ball can mean play a ball game.
The park is a good place for ball games.
查看翻译和讲解 这个公园适合进行球类游戏。
ball games is a useful plural phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The model shows the Earth as a sphere.
sphere 更数学/科学化，ball 更日常。
A button is a small round object.
round object 是解释，不是固定词。
The balloon rose into the sky.
balloon 有球形画面，但不是运动球。
The snowball melted in the sun.
snowball = snow + ball。
They met at the ball.
ball① 是球，ball② 是舞会；同形同音要靠语境。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 ball① 是本组球形/球类运动的核心词。balloon、snowball、baseball、basketball、football、volleyball 都可借 ball 的形状或运动义记忆。
A red balloon floated away.
The snowball grew as it rolled.
She passed the basketball.
We play volleyball after class.
词族导图 ball / ballet 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 balloon 先抓“充气后像球一样鼓起”的画面：小的可指气球，大的可指热气球。它是可数名词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 气球
装有空气或气体的橡胶/塑料气球，常用于装饰或玩耍。
常见表达 blow up a balloon tie a balloon a red balloon burst a balloon
Mia tied a red balloon to her chair.
查看翻译和讲解 米娅把一个红气球系在椅子上。
balloon is countable.
The balloon burst when it touched the sharp branch.
查看翻译和讲解 气球碰到尖树枝时爆了。
burst a balloon is a natural action.
n. [C] 热气球
hot-air balloon 指靠热空气升空的大型气球。
常见表达 hot-air balloon ride in a balloon balloon festival float over
A hot-air balloon floated over the valley at sunrise.
查看翻译和讲解 日出时一个热气球飘过山谷。
hot-air balloon is the common full phrase.
Tourists took photos from the hot-air balloon.
查看翻译和讲解 游客们在热气球上拍照。
balloon can mean the aircraft.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The child caught the ball.
balloon 借 ball 的圆形画面，但不是运动球。
Soap bubbles floated in the air.
bubble 更小更轻，通常由液体薄膜形成。
The kite flew above the park.
kite 靠线和风飞，balloon 靠空气或气体鼓起/升起。
Inflate the balloon slowly.
inflate 是让 balloon 鼓起来的动作。
The balloon burst loudly.
burst 是 balloon 常见结果。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 balloon 可用 ball + -oon 记“大而鼓的球状物”。现代学习重点是 balloon 的两个名词义：气球和热气球。
The ball rolled under the desk.
The problem began to snowball.
The hot-air balloon rose slowly.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 snowball 本义是“雪做成的球”。常见扩展是 snowball effect，表示小事像雪球一样越滚越大。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 雪球
由雪揉成的球，可用于玩耍或打雪仗。
常见表达 make a snowball throw a snowball a snowball fight a small snowball
The children made snowballs after the first snow.
查看翻译和讲解 第一场雪后，孩子们做了雪球。
make snowballs is the basic action.
A snowball hit the wall beside the gate.
查看翻译和讲解 一个雪球打在大门旁边的墙上。
snowball is a concrete countable noun.
n. [C] 滚雪球效应
snowball effect 指问题、影响或数量越来越大。
常见表达 snowball effect have a snowball effect the problem snowballs begin to snowball
Small mistakes can have a snowball effect if no one corrects them.
查看翻译和讲解 小错误如果没人纠正，可能产生滚雪球效应。
snowball effect is a useful abstract phrase.
The online discussion began to snowball after midnight.
查看翻译和讲解 午夜后，网上讨论开始迅速扩大。
snowball can also work as a verb in this pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Snow covered the playground.
snow 是材料，snowball 是雪揉成的球。
Throw the ball to me.
ball 给出 snowball 的形状。
One delay caused a snowball effect.
这是 snowball 的核心扩展短语。
The snowball melted in the sun.
snowball 遇热会 melt。
The problem grew quickly.
snowball effect 强调 grow quickly。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 snowball = snow + ball，先是“雪球”，再由越滚越大引申为影响或问题扩大。
He threw the ball across the yard.
Fresh snow covered the road.
The rumor had a snowball effect.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 belly 是比较口语的“肚子、腹部”，比 abdomen 更日常。可用圆鼓鼓的 ball 画面帮助记，但现代义就是身体部位。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 肚子；腹部
胸部以下身体前面的部位，日常口语常用。
常见表达 belly pain a full belly lie on your belly rub your belly
The baby lay on his belly on the blanket.
查看翻译和讲解 婴儿趴在毯子上。
lie on your belly is a body-position phrase.
He laughed until his belly hurt.
查看翻译和讲解 他笑到肚子疼。
belly is natural in everyday speech.
n. [C] 口语和固定搭配
也出现在轻松口语和形象表达中。
常见表达 belly laugh belly button belly dance hungry belly
Grandpa's story gave everyone a belly laugh.
查看翻译和讲解 爷爷的故事让大家开怀大笑。
belly laugh means a deep, loud laugh.
The child pointed to his belly button.
查看翻译和讲解 那个孩子指着自己的肚脐。
belly button is a common body phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
My stomach hurts after lunch.
stomach 可指胃或肚子，belly 更口语、更外部。
The doctor checked the abdomen carefully.
abdomen 更正式、医学化。
He crossed his arms over his chest.
chest 在上，belly 在下。
She carried the bag on her back.
back 是身体背面，belly 是前面。
The ball bounced twice.
belly 可借圆鼓形状记忆，但不是 ball 的同义词。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 belly 可按 bell/ball 的圆鼓形状作记忆，但现代用法只按身体部位和口语搭配掌握。
The abdomen is below the chest.
The joke caused a belly laugh.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 baseball 分两层：不可数时是棒球运动，可数时是一只棒球。球类运动前通常不加冠词：play baseball。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 棒球运动
一种用球棒击球、跑垒得分的运动。
常见表达 play baseball watch baseball a baseball team baseball practice
My cousin plays baseball every Sunday.
查看翻译和讲解 我表哥每周日打棒球。
No article before the sport name.
The school baseball team practises after class.
查看翻译和讲解 校棒球队课后训练。
baseball team names the team sport.
n. [C] 棒球
也可指棒球比赛中使用的那只球。
常见表达 throw a baseball catch a baseball a white baseball a baseball bat
The baseball flew over the fence.
查看翻译和讲解 棒球飞过了围栏。
baseball can be the object ball.
He bought a new baseball and a wooden bat.
查看翻译和讲解 他买了一个新棒球和一根木球棒。
a baseball is countable.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The ball rolled across the field.
baseball 是含 ball 的运动和球。
She held the bat with both hands.
baseball 常用 bat。
Softball is popular in some schools.
softball 规则和器材相近，但不是同一个项目。
We played basketball indoors.
basketball 用投篮，baseball 用球棒击球。
The pitcher threw the ball fast.
pitcher 是 baseball 中的角色。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 baseball = base + ball。base 是垒，ball 是球；学习时同时区分运动不可数和球可数。
She plays basketball well.
They watched football on TV.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 basketball = basket + ball，重点是“把球投进篮筐”。不可数指运动，可数指篮球这个球。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 篮球运动
两队把球投进篮筐得分的运动。
常见表达 play basketball watch basketball basketball court basketball team
We play basketball on the school court after class.
查看翻译和讲解 课后我们在学校球场打篮球。
No article before the sport name.
The basketball team won by two points.
查看翻译和讲解 篮球队以两分优势获胜。
basketball team is common.
n. [C] 篮球
指比赛或练习用的那只篮球。
常见表达 throw a basketball shoot a basketball a new basketball hold the basketball
The orange basketball bounced into the corner.
查看翻译和讲解 橙色篮球弹到了角落。
basketball can be a countable object.
She held the basketball above her head before passing.
查看翻译和讲解 传球前她把篮球举过头顶。
hold/pass a basketball describes the object.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The ball hit the wall.
basketball 是含 ball 的运动和球。
The ball dropped through the basket.
basket 指得分目标。
The players ran across the court.
basketball 在 court 上打。
Baseball uses a bat.
basketball 用手投篮，baseball 用棒击球。
Volleyball is played over a net.
volleyball 隔网击球，basketball 投篮得分。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 basketball = basket + ball，basket 是篮筐，ball 是球。球类运动前通常不加冠词：play basketball。
Our class enjoys volleyball.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
148
basket
▶ /ˈbɑːskɪt/ · noun
a container, often woven, for carrying or holding things; the hoop and net in basketball, or a score made by throwing the ball through it
篮；筐；篮筐；投篮得分
学习关联：basket（篮）是 basketball（篮球）的透明构词成分。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 篮；筐
a container, often woven, for carrying or holding things
常见表达 a shopping basket a picnic basket a basket of fruit
She put the fresh vegetables into a shopping basket.
查看翻译和讲解 她把新鲜蔬菜放进购物篮。
a shopping basket
We carried a basket of fruit to visit our grandparents.
查看翻译和讲解 我们提着一篮水果去看望祖父母。
a basket of fruit
常与 shopping, picnic, laundry 等连用。
n. [C] 篮筐；投篮得分
the hoop and net in basketball, or a score made by throwing the ball through it
常见表达 shoot a basket make a basket score a basket
Li Ming made a basket just before the final whistle.
查看翻译和讲解 终场哨响前，李明投进了一球。
make a basket
The ball hit the basket and fell through the net.
查看翻译和讲解 球碰到篮筐后穿过球网落下。
hit the basket
在篮球语境中可指篮筐，也可指一次投篮得分。
联想 football 要按地区分义：英式/国际语境常指足球，美式语境可指美式橄榄球；可数时也可指比赛用球。球类运动前不加冠词：play football。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 足球运动
在多数国际语境中指 football/soccer，用脚踢球。
常见表达 play football football match football team watch football
They play football on the grass every Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 他们每周五在草地上踢足球。
No article before the sport name.
The football match ended in a draw.
查看翻译和讲解 这场足球比赛以平局结束。
football match is a key phrase.
n. [U] 美式橄榄球运动
在 American English 中，football 常指美式橄榄球。
常见表达 American football football game football player college football
American football is very popular in many US schools.
查看翻译和讲解 美式橄榄球在许多美国学校很受欢迎。
American football avoids regional confusion.
The football player wore a helmet during the game.
查看翻译和讲解 那名橄榄球运动员比赛时戴着头盔。
helmet helps signal American football.
n. [C] 足球；橄榄球
也可指具体的一只足球或橄榄球。
常见表达 kick a football throw a football a new football a football field
The football rolled into the street.
查看翻译和讲解 足球滚到了街上。
a football can mean the ball itself.
He threw the football across the field.
查看翻译和讲解 他把橄榄球扔过球场。
throw a football often suggests American football.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Many Americans call football soccer.
soccer 在美式英语中用来避免和 American football 混淆。
American football uses an oval ball.
美式 football 和国际 football 不是同一种运动。
Rugby is also played with an oval ball.
rugby 和 American football 相近但规则不同。
Basketball is played indoors in many schools.
basketball 投篮，football 踢球或抱球推进。
The ball crossed the line.
football 是含 ball 的运动/用球。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 football = foot + ball。foot 帮助记足球义，但在美式英语中 football 指美式橄榄球。
Volleyball is played over a net.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 volleyball 指排球运动，核心画面是两队隔网击球。学习重点放在运动义，常用 play volleyball，球类运动前不加冠词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 排球运动
两队隔着高网用手臂或手把球击回对方场地的运动。
常见表达 play volleyball volleyball match volleyball team volleyball net
Our class won the volleyball match on Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 我们班周五赢了排球比赛。
volleyball match is natural.
She plays volleyball after school twice a week.
查看翻译和讲解 她每周两次放学后打排球。
No article before the sport name.
n. [U] 队伍和场地
常和 team、net、court、beach 等场景词搭配。
常见表达 volleyball team volleyball court beach volleyball volleyball practice
The volleyball team practised serving near the net.
查看翻译和讲解 排球队在网边练习发球。
net is central in volleyball.
Beach volleyball is played on sand.
查看翻译和讲解 沙滩排球在沙地上进行。
beach volleyball is a common variant.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The ball flew over the net.
volleyball 是含 ball 的球类运动。
The ball touched the net.
volleyball 的核心器材是 net。
Players stood on both sides of the court.
volleyball 在 court 上进行。
Basketball has a hoop.
basketball 投篮，volleyball 隔网击球。
She learned to serve the ball over the net.
serve 是 volleyball 重要动作。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 volleyball = volley + ball。volley 有连续击打/齐发的画面，ball 是球；学习时按排球运动掌握。
The ball went over the net.
Basketball is popular at school.
Football is played outdoors.
词族导图 ball 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 ball② 是“正式舞会”，不是球。常见搭配是 at the ball，语境通常有 evening dress、music、dancing、charity 等。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 大型正式舞会
正式场合中的大型舞会，通常有音乐、舞蹈和礼服。
常见表达 at the ball go to a ball a charity ball a formal ball
Cinderella met the prince at the ball.
查看翻译和讲解 灰姑娘在舞会上遇见了王子。
at the ball is the key pattern.
The charity ball raised money for the children's hospital.
查看翻译和讲解 慈善舞会为儿童医院筹集了资金。
charity ball is a formal event.
n. [C] 舞会场景
常和正式服装、音乐、跳舞、邀请等场景搭配。
常见表达 ball dress ball music invite someone to a ball dance at a ball
Guests wore evening clothes to the formal ball.
查看翻译和讲解 客人们穿着晚礼服参加正式舞会。
formal ball signals the event meaning.
They danced together at the school ball.
查看翻译和讲解 他们在学校舞会上一起跳舞。
school ball is also a dance event.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
They danced for two hours.
dance 是动作或活动，ball 是正式舞会。
The party ended before midnight.
party 更宽泛，ball 更正式且以跳舞为主。
We watched a ballet last weekend.
ballet 是舞蹈形式或演出，不是舞会。
Throw the ball to me.
ball① 是球，ball② 是正式舞会。
The banquet began at seven.
banquet 以正式用餐为主，ball 以跳舞为主。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 ball② 和 ballet 同属舞蹈/舞会场景线。它与 ball① 只是同形同音，学生需要靠 at the ball、charity ball 等搭配判断。
The ballet was performed without words.
The formal ball began after dinner.
词族导图 ball / ballet 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 ballet 读音接近 /bælei/，最后的 t 通常不发音。不可数时指芭蕾舞这种艺术形式；可数时可指一部芭蕾舞剧或一个芭蕾舞团。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 芭蕾舞
一种有严格姿势、脚步和舞台训练的古典舞蹈形式。
常见表达 study ballet learn ballet ballet class ballet dancer
She has studied ballet since she was six.
查看翻译和讲解 她从六岁起学习芭蕾舞。
ballet as an art form is uncountable.
The young ballet dancer practised every morning.
查看翻译和讲解 那位年轻芭蕾舞者每天早上练习。
ballet dancer is a core phrase.
n. [C] 芭蕾舞剧
一部具体的芭蕾舞演出或作品。
常见表达 watch a ballet perform a ballet a famous ballet a modern ballet
The ballet tells the story without spoken words.
查看翻译和讲解 这部芭蕾舞剧不用台词讲述故事。
a ballet can mean a performance/work.
We watched a famous ballet at the theatre.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在剧院观看了一部著名芭蕾舞剧。
watch a ballet is countable.
n. [C] 芭蕾舞团
也可指表演芭蕾的团体。
常见表达 a ballet company join the ballet the national ballet ballet performance
The city ballet will visit our school next month.
查看翻译和讲解 市芭蕾舞团下个月将访问我们学校。
ballet can refer to a company.
Her dream is to join a professional ballet.
查看翻译和讲解 她的梦想是加入一个职业芭蕾舞团。
join a ballet means join a ballet company.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Dance can express strong feelings.
dance 是大类，ballet 是一种古典舞。
The dancer moved across the stage.
ballet dancer 是表演芭蕾的人。
The theatre was full.
ballet 常在 theatre 上演。
The opera includes singing.
opera 以歌唱为主，ballet 以舞蹈为主。
They danced at the ball.
ball② 是舞会，ballet 是舞蹈形式/演出/舞团。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 ballet 与 ball② 同在舞蹈场景线，但词义不同：ball 是舞会，ballet 是芭蕾舞、舞剧或舞团。发音上末尾 t 通常不发音。
The ballet dancer stood on one foot.
The ballet company toured Asia.
词族导图 ball / ballet 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 author 最常见是书、文章、故事的作者；也可表示某个计划、理论或行动的创始者/发起人。它强调“让作品或想法出现的人”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 作者；作家
写书、文章、故事或报告的人。
常见表达 the author of a book a famous author children's author the author writes
The author signed books after the lecture.
查看翻译和讲解 讲座后作者为书签名。
author usually names a writer.
This children's author writes stories about school life.
查看翻译和讲解 这位儿童作家写校园生活故事。
children's author is a natural phrase.
n. [C] 创始者；发起人
比 writer 更宽，可指计划、理论、行动的提出或发起者。
常见表达 author of the plan author of the idea author of a policy be called the author of
He is often called the author of the new plan.
查看翻译和讲解 他常被称为这项新计划的发起人。
author can mean creator or starter.
The scientist was the author of an important theory.
查看翻译和讲解 这位科学家是一项重要理论的创立者。
author can apply to ideas.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The writer described village life.
writer 更普通，author 常和书、文章、正式作品连用。
The novelist won a prize.
novelist 是写小说的 author。
The creator explained the design.
creator 更宽，可用于艺术、产品或想法。
The founder opened the school in 1990.
founder 常指机构或组织的创立者。
She is an authority on English.
authority 不是作者，而是权威/权力线。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 author 可作为记忆核心：author 写出或提出作品/想法；authority 发展到“权威/权力”；authentic 强调“真实、原作、非伪造”。
Local authorities closed the road.
The museum showed an authentic painting.
The essay studies authorial voice.
词族导图 author / authority / authentic 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 authority 是多义名词：不可数时可指权力/权威/授权；可数时可指专家；复数 authorities 常指当局。重点搭配是 authority to do、authority on、authority over。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 权威；权力；授权
有权作决定、命令别人或批准某事。
常见表达 have the authority to do sth. in authority official authority give authority
The coach has the authority to choose the team.
查看翻译和讲解 教练有权选择队伍。
authority to do means permission/power.
Only people in authority can sign this form.
查看翻译和讲解 只有掌权人员能签这张表。
in authority means having power.
n. [C] 学术权威；专家
在某个领域被认为知识可靠的人。
常见表达 an authority on English an authority on history a leading authority become an authority
He is an authority on English.
查看翻译和讲解 他是英语方面的权威。
authority on + subject means expert in a field.
The professor is a leading authority on climate change.
查看翻译和讲解 这位教授是气候变化领域的重要权威。
authority on names the field.
n. [C, usually pl.] 当局；官方机构
复数 authorities 常指政府、警方、地方管理部门等。
常见表达 local authorities the authorities health authorities school authorities
Local authorities closed the road after the flood.
查看翻译和讲解 洪水后地方当局关闭了道路。
authorities often means officials.
Health authorities warned people to boil the water.
查看翻译和讲解 卫生部门提醒人们把水煮沸。
health authorities is a public notice phrase.
n. [U] 对人的支配/管束
authority over someone 表示对某人有管束权或影响力。
常见表达 authority over children authority over workers have authority over parental authority
The parents there have more authority over their children.
查看翻译和讲解 那里的父母对子女有更大的管束权。
authority over + person is the key contrast.
A team leader has authority over daily work arrangements.
查看翻译和讲解 组长对日常工作安排有管理权。
authority over names the people or area controlled.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The manager has the power to decide.
power 更宽，authority 更强调合法或职位带来的权力。
You need permission to enter.
permission 是被允许；authority 可指有权允许别人。
She is an expert in biology.
expert 对应 an authority on... 的人。
Officials checked the bridge.
authorities 常指一组 official people or bodies。
The author answered questions.
author 是人写作/发起，authority 是权威/权力。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 authority 和 author 可借“有资格说/写/决定的人”来联想，但现代义要分清：author 写或发起，authority 有权或是专家。
The author wrote a new book.
The report sounded authoritative.
The plan needs authorization.
词族导图 author / authority / authentic 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 authentic 的根义是“原作的、非伪造的”。常见三条线：真品/真迹，可信可靠，风格或体验逼真地接近原本。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 真正的；真品的；真迹的
不是假的、复制的或伪造的，常用于艺术品、文件、物品。
常见表达 authentic painting authentic document authentic signature authentic copy
The museum displays an authentic Tang painting.
查看翻译和讲解 博物馆展出一幅唐代真迹。
authentic means not fake.
Experts checked whether the signature was authentic.
查看翻译和讲解 专家检查签名是否真实。
authentic can describe documents or signatures.
adj. 可靠的；可信的
资料、记录、消息等可以信任。
常见表达 authentic record authentic information authentic evidence authentic source
The historian used authentic records from the town library.
查看翻译和讲解 历史学家使用了镇图书馆里的可靠记录。
authentic records are trustworthy.
Students should look for authentic evidence before making a claim.
查看翻译和讲解 学生提出观点前应寻找可靠证据。
authentic can mean reliable.
adj. 逼真的；原汁原味的
食物、经历、表演或场景接近真实原貌或本地风格。
常见表达 authentic local food authentic experience authentic style authentic setting
The restaurant serves authentic local food.
查看翻译和讲解 这家餐馆供应地道的本地食物。
authentic food means true to its local style.
The film creates an authentic picture of village life.
查看翻译和讲解 这部电影营造出逼真的乡村生活画面。
authentic can mean realistic.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
This is a genuine old coin.
genuine 常指真品或真诚，和 authentic 很接近。
The story is based on real events.
real 更普通，authentic 更强调非伪造或有来源可信度。
The report is reliable.
reliable 对应 authentic 的可信义。
The ticket was fake.
fake 是 authentic 的直接反义。
The original letter is in the museum.
authentic 常表示接近或来自 original。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 authentic 可借 author/original 的线索记“来自原作、非伪造”。现代用法按真品、可信、逼真三条线掌握。
The author created the story.
The expert tested the painting's authenticity.
Her smile seemed genuine.
词族导图 author / authority / authentic 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 oil 不是单一“油”：能源语境是石油/原油和燃油，厨房里是食用油，艺术里可指油彩，作动词表示给机器或部件上油。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 石油；原油
地下或海底开采出的天然油状燃料资源。
常见表达 crude oil oil production oil prices produce oil
The country produces a lot of oil from the sea.
查看翻译和讲解 这个国家从海上开采大量石油。
oil can mean petroleum.
Oil prices rose after the storm damaged the port.
查看翻译和讲解 风暴破坏港口后油价上涨。
oil prices is a common news phrase.
n. [U] 燃油；润滑油
用于机器、车辆或发动机的燃料或润滑液。
常见表达 engine oil fuel oil change the oil oil the machine
The mechanic changed the engine oil before the trip.
查看翻译和讲解 出行前技师更换了发动机油。
engine oil is a lubricant.
Old machines need oil to run smoothly.
查看翻译和讲解 旧机器需要润滑油才能顺畅运转。
oil helps machines move smoothly.
n. [C,U] 食用油
烹调用油，既可泛指不可数，也可指某种油。
常见表达 corn oil salad oil cooking oil a spoonful of oil
Please heat a spoonful of oil before adding the eggs.
查看翻译和讲解 加鸡蛋前请先加热一勺油。
a spoonful of oil makes the amount clear.
Corn oil and salad oil are common in supermarkets.
查看翻译和讲解 玉米油和色拉油在超市很常见。
corn oil and salad oil are common cooking oils.
n. [U, plural oils] 油彩；油画颜料
绘画材料，可用 oils 表示油画颜料或油画作品。
常见表达 paint in oils oil painting use oils a set of oils
The artist painted the river in oils.
查看翻译和讲解 那位艺术家用油彩画了这条河。
paint in oils is the art phrase.
Her oil painting of the old bridge won a prize.
查看翻译和讲解 她画的老桥油画获了奖。
oil painting is the artwork.
vt. 给……加油；上油
给机器、链条、门轴等涂油使其顺滑。
常见表达 oil the chain oil the door oil the machine well-oiled
The worker oiled the bicycle chain.
查看翻译和讲解 工人给自行车链条上了油。
oil can be a verb.
You should oil the door if it makes a noise.
查看翻译和讲解 如果门发出响声，你应该给它上油。
oil the door means put oil on it.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Petroleum is used to make many fuels.
petroleum 更正式，oil 更日常。
Cars need fuel to move.
fuel 是大类，oil/petrol 都可属于燃料语境。
The car needs petrol.
petrol 是从 oil 精炼出的车用燃料。
Oil floats on water.
water 不油腻也不作燃料。
The oilfield lies under the desert.
oilfield 是发现/开采 oil 的区域。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 oil 是本组核心。oilfield = oil + field，表示油田；petrol 可用 petr 石 + ol 油记“汽油”。
Engineers discovered a new oilfield.
Gasoline is the American word for petrol.
词族导图 oil / oilfield / petrol 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 oilfield = oil + field，不是普通农田，而是地下或海底有石油、可以开采的区域。常见搭配有 discover an oilfield、offshore oilfield。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 油田
地下或海底蕴藏石油并可开采的地区。
常见表达 discover an oilfield develop an oilfield an offshore oilfield a desert oilfield
The new oilfield lies far from the coast.
查看翻译和讲解 新油田位于远离海岸的地方。
oilfield is a countable place.
Engineers worked in the desert oilfield for months.
查看翻译和讲解 工程师们在沙漠油田工作了数月。
desert oilfield gives a concrete scene.
n. [C] 开采和工作人员场景
常和开发、钻探、工人、产量等能源工业词搭配。
常见表达 oilfield workers oilfield equipment oilfield development oilfield production
Oilfield workers checked the equipment before sunrise.
查看翻译和讲解 油田工人在日出前检查设备。
oilfield workers is natural.
The company invested in oilfield development.
查看翻译和讲解 公司投资油田开发。
development is common in energy reports.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Oil prices changed this week.
oilfield 是有 oil 的区域。
The horses ran across the field.
field 在 oilfield 中表示区域，不是农田。
The oil well was drilled last year.
oil well 是井，oilfield 是区域。
The offshore platform was built in deep water.
offshore oilfield 在海上或近海。
The gas field supplies nearby cities.
gas field 产天然气，oilfield 产石油。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 oilfield 是透明复合词：oil 石油 + field 区域。它连接 oil 的能源义，不连接食用油或油彩义。
Oil is found underground.
The oil well produced less this year.
The offshore oilfield is hard to reach.
词族导图 oil / oilfield / petrol 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 petrol 是英式英语的“汽油”，美式英语常说 gasoline 或 gas。它是不可数名词，常见 petrol station、run out of petrol、fill the car with petrol。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 汽油
汽车等车辆使用的液体燃料，英式 petrol，美式 gasoline/gas。
常见表达 petrol station run out of petrol fill the car with petrol petrol prices
We stopped at a petrol station before leaving town.
查看翻译和讲解 离开城镇前我们在加油站停了下来。
petrol station is British English.
The car ran out of petrol on the way home.
查看翻译和讲解 汽车在回家路上没油了。
run out of petrol is a key phrase.
n. [U] 英美表达差异
petrol 对应 American English 的 gasoline 或 gas。
常见表达 petrol or gasoline buy petrol save petrol petrol tank
In the US, many people say gas instead of petrol.
查看翻译和讲解 在美国，许多人说 gas 而不是 petrol。
gas is informal American usage.
Higher petrol prices made the family use the bus more often.
查看翻译和讲解 汽油价格上涨让这家人更常乘公交。
petrol prices is common in news.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Gasoline is expensive this month.
gasoline 是美式/正式说法，对应英式 petrol。
We need gas before the long drive.
gas 在美式口语可指汽油，也可指气体。
The bus uses clean fuel.
fuel 是大类，petrol 是一种燃料。
Petrol is made from oil.
petrol 通常由 oil 精炼而来。
Some trucks use diesel.
diesel 是另一种车用燃料。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 petrol 可按 petr 石 + ol 油记“石油制成的汽油”。它和 oil 相连，但不能把 petrol 当作食用油或润滑油。
Gasoline powers many cars.
Diesel engines are common in trucks.
词族导图 oil / oilfield / petrol 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 store 有两条主线：一是名词“商店”；二是“存放/储存”的线，可作名词表示贮存物或仓库，也可作动词表示贮藏物品或存储数据。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 商店；店铺
出售商品的地方，尤其美式英语中 store 常等于 shop。
常见表达 a grocery store department store go to the store online store
She bought notebooks at the store near school.
查看翻译和讲解 她在学校附近的商店买了笔记本。
store can mean a shop.
The department store is crowded before the holiday.
查看翻译和讲解 节日前百货商店很拥挤。
department store is a common phrase.
n. [C] 贮存物；储备
留着以后使用的一批东西。
常见表达 food stores a store of energy a store of knowledge winter stores
The village kept stores of food for the long winter.
查看翻译和讲解 村子为漫长冬季储备了食物。
stores can mean supplies kept for later.
Reading builds a store of useful knowledge.
查看翻译和讲解 阅读能积累有用的知识储备。
a store of can be abstract.
n. [C] 仓库；储藏处
存放货物、设备或资料的地方。
常见表达 a grain store a storage store store room warehouse store
Tools are kept in a small store behind the lab.
查看翻译和讲解 工具存放在实验室后面的小仓库里。
store can mean a storage place.
The farm built a grain store after harvest.
查看翻译和讲解 收获后农场建了一个谷物仓库。
grain store is a concrete place.
vt. 贮藏；存储
把物品、能量或数据保存起来以备以后使用。
常见表达 store food store water store data store information
We store rice in a dry cupboard.
查看翻译和讲解 我们把米储存在干燥的橱柜里。
store + object means keep for later.
This phone can store thousands of photos.
查看翻译和讲解 这部手机能存储数千张照片。
store data/photos is the digital use.
phr. in store (for sb.)
表示某事即将发生在某人身上，常用于 future/what lies ahead 语境。
常见表达 in store for sb. what is in store have something in store the future has in store
No one knows what the future has in store.
查看翻译和讲解 没人知道未来会发生什么。
in store can mean waiting to happen.
A surprise was in store for the winners.
查看翻译和讲解 获胜者们即将迎来一个惊喜。
in store for someone is the key phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The shop closes at nine.
shop 更英式/普通；store 在美式英语中很常见。
The town has a large supply of water.
supply 强调可用的一批资源。
The boxes are kept in a warehouse.
warehouse 更大、更商业化；store 可泛指储藏处。
Cloud storage saves files online.
storage 是 store 的名词过程/空间线。
They restored the old building.
restore = re- back + store，强调放回/恢复。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 store 的核心线是 keep for later。storage 表“储存/存储”的过程或空间；restore = re- back + store，可记作“放回原处以恢复”。
The room offers extra storage.
Workers restored the old bridge.
The cleaning tools are in the storeroom.
Stored energy can be released later.
词族导图 store / storage / restore 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 storage 是不可数名词，表示“储存这件事”或“储存空间”。它可以用于食物、设备、文件，也常用于电脑和云端数据。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 贮藏；储存
把物品保存起来以备将来使用的行为或条件。
常见表达 food storage safe storage storage conditions put into storage
Proper food storage keeps rice dry and safe.
查看翻译和讲解 正确的食品储存能让大米保持干燥安全。
food storage means keeping food.
The old desks were put into storage during the repair.
查看翻译和讲解 维修期间旧课桌被放入储藏。
put into storage is a useful phrase.
n. [U] 储存空间；储藏处
用来存放物品的空间或地点。
常见表达 storage space storage room extra storage limited storage
The school needs more storage for sports equipment.
查看翻译和讲解 学校需要更多空间存放体育器材。
storage can mean space.
There is limited storage in the small apartment.
查看翻译和讲解 这套小公寓里的储物空间有限。
limited storage is natural.
n. [U] 数据存储
电脑、手机或网络中保存文件和数据的空间或技术。
常见表达 data storage cloud storage storage device storage capacity
Cloud storage lets us save photos online.
查看翻译和讲解 云存储让我们能在线保存照片。
cloud storage is the digital use.
The phone has enough storage for the video project.
查看翻译和讲解 这部手机有足够空间存放这个视频项目。
storage can mean digital capacity.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We store water for emergencies.
store 是动词/名词，storage 是不可数名词。
We need more space for books.
space 更宽，storage space 是用于储物的空间。
The computer needs more memory.
memory 是计算机或人的记忆，storage 更偏保存容量。
The warehouse stores old machines.
warehouse 是地点，storage 是过程或空间。
Restore the file from backup.
restore 常把保存过的东西恢复回来。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 storage = store + -age，表示储存行为、储藏空间或数据存储。它是不可数名词，通常不说 a storage 表单个储藏。
Store the files carefully.
The boxes are in the storage room.
Cloud storage keeps files online.
词族导图 store / storage / restore 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 restore = re- back + store，可记作“放回原处，使其恢复”。它常接 order、confidence、health、building、painting、file、rights 等宾语。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 使恢复
让秩序、信心、健康、关系等回到原来的状态。
常见表达 restore order restore confidence restore peace restore health
The police restored order after the accident.
查看翻译和讲解 事故后警方恢复了秩序。
restore order is a core phrase.
A good rest restored his energy.
查看翻译和讲解 好好休息让他恢复了精力。
restore can mean bring strength back.
vt. 修复
修理老建筑、艺术品、家具、文件等，使其接近原样。
常见表达 restore an old building restore a painting restore furniture restore a file
Volunteers helped restore the old library.
查看翻译和讲解 志愿者帮助修复了那座旧图书馆。
restore can mean repair carefully.
The museum restored the damaged painting.
查看翻译和讲解 博物馆修复了受损的画作。
restore a painting is a careful repair.
vt. 归还；恢复权利/职位
把东西、权利、职位或文件归还给原有状态或原主人。
常见表达 restore property restore rights restore someone to a position restore a backup
The court restored the land to the family.
查看翻译和讲解 法院把土地归还给了这家人。
restore can mean return legally.
The technician restored the lost files from a backup.
查看翻译和讲解 技术员从备份中恢复了丢失的文件。
digital restore is common.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
They repaired the broken window.
repair 更普通；restore 常强调恢复到原貌。
She recovered from the illness.
recover 常是不及物或身体恢复；restore 通常是及物。
Please return the book.
return 更直接；restore 可指正式归还或恢复。
The storm damaged the roof.
damage 和 restore 方向相反。
Store the files safely.
restore 与 store 共享“放回/保存”记忆线。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 restore = re- back + store，可理解为“放回去，恢复原状”。名词 restoration 表恢复、修复或复辟。
Storage keeps files safe.
The restoration of the old house took a year.
The restored bridge opened today.
词族导图 store / storage / restore 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 wine 的核心是“由葡萄或其他水果发酵制成的酒”。不可数时泛指酒，可数时可表示一种酒或一杯/一瓶酒。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 葡萄酒
由葡萄发酵制成的酒，常和 red/white 搭配。
常见表达 red wine white wine make wine a bottle of wine
The menu lists red wine and white wine.
查看翻译和讲解 菜单上列有红葡萄酒和白葡萄酒。
red/white wine are key phrases.
This region is famous for making wine from grapes.
查看翻译和讲解 这个地区以用葡萄酿酒闻名。
make wine from grapes is clear and concrete.
n. [C,U] 果酒；一种酒
也可用其他水果酿成；可数时表示某种酒。
常见表达 fruit wine rice wine a sweet wine try a local wine
The village is known for a sweet fruit wine.
查看翻译和讲解 这个村庄以一种甜果酒闻名。
a wine can mean a kind of wine.
Some sauces use rice wine for flavour.
查看翻译和讲解 有些酱汁用米酒调味。
wine can appear in cooking contexts.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Grape juice is served to children.
grape juice 不含酒精；wine 是发酵酒。
Alcohol should be used responsibly.
alcohol 是大类，wine 是一种酒。
Grapes grow on a vine.
vine 是植物，wine 是饮品。
Vinegar tastes sour.
vinegar 可按 wine turned sour 记，但现代义是醋。
The farmer picked grapes in September.
grapes 是葡萄酒的常见原料。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 wine 是熟词入口：vine 是葡萄藤/藤本植物，vinegar 可按 wine turned sour 记“变酸的酒 -> 醋”。
The vine climbed along the wall.
Add a little vinegar to the sauce.
The winery sells local wine.
A wineglass stood on the table.
词族导图 wine / vine / vinegar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 vine 是会攀爬或缠绕生长的植物，最常见记忆点是 grape vine 葡萄藤。它不是 wine，wine 是葡萄酒。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 葡萄藤
结葡萄的藤本植物，可用来酿酒或食用。
常见表达 grape vine old vine vine leaves grapes on the vine
Grapes hung from the old vine.
查看翻译和讲解 葡萄挂在老葡萄藤上。
grape vine is the core meaning.
The farmer cut dead leaves from the vine.
查看翻译和讲解 农民从葡萄藤上剪掉枯叶。
vine is a plant.
n. [C] 藤本植物
泛指沿墙、树、架子攀爬的藤类植物。
常见表达 a green vine a climbing vine a vine grows a vine climbs
A green vine climbed along the garden wall.
查看翻译和讲解 一株绿色藤蔓沿着花园墙攀爬。
climb is a natural verb for vine.
The window was covered by a flowering vine.
查看翻译和讲解 窗户被一株开花藤蔓遮住了。
vine can be any climbing plant.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A grapevine needs sunlight.
grapevine 是更具体的葡萄藤。
The climbing plant reached the roof.
climbing plant 是解释性说法。
Wine is made from grapes.
wine 是饮品，vine 是植物。
Vinegar is sour.
vinegar 不是植物，而是调味液。
A branch broke in the storm.
branch 通常是树枝，vine 是柔软攀爬的藤。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 vine 可由熟词 wine 联想：葡萄长在 vine 上，葡萄可酿成 wine。不要把 vine 当成 wine 的拼写变体。
Wine can be made from grapes.
Vinegar is used in cooking.
词族导图 wine / vine / vinegar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 vinegar 是不可数名词，意思是“醋”。可用 wine turned sour 来记：酒变酸后形成酸味液体，但现代用法就是厨房调味品。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 醋
用于烹饪、调味或腌制食物的酸味液体。
常见表达 rice vinegar white vinegar add vinegar a little vinegar
Add a little vinegar to the noodles.
查看翻译和讲解 往面条里加一点醋。
vinegar is usually uncountable.
The bottle of vinegar smelled sharp and sour.
查看翻译和讲解 那瓶醋闻起来又冲又酸。
sour is the key taste.
n. [U] 调味和腌制
常与 oil、salt、sauce、pickle 等食物语境搭配。
常见表达 oil and vinegar vinegar sauce pickled in vinegar vinegar taste
The salad was dressed with oil and vinegar.
查看翻译和讲解 沙拉用油和醋调味。
oil and vinegar is a common food pair.
Cucumbers can be pickled in vinegar.
查看翻译和讲解 黄瓜可以用醋腌制。
pickle in vinegar is a cooking use.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The lemon tastes sour.
sour 是味道，vinegar 是有酸味的液体。
Soy sauce is salty.
soy sauce 偏咸鲜，vinegar 偏酸。
Wine can turn sour.
vinegar 可按 wine turned sour 记。
Grapes grow on a vine.
vine 是植物，vinegar 是调味品。
Mix oil and vinegar for the salad.
oil and vinegar 常一起作调味。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 vinegar 的记忆线是 wine turned sour：由酒变酸联想到醋。现代使用时把它当不可数调味液掌握。
Wine may turn sour if stored badly.
The vine produced many grapes.
Rice vinegar is common in cooking.
词族导图 wine / vine / vinegar 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 east 可作名词、方向副词和形容词。名词表示方位，副词表示向这个方向移动，放在名词前可表示“东部的”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U,sing.] 东
表示罗盘上的一个基本方向或某地区的方位。
常见表达 in the east to the east of the east coast the east side
The sun rises in the east.
查看翻译和讲解 太阳从东方升起。
east is the noun direction.
The museum is to the east of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 博物馆在湖的东边。
to the east of locates a place.
adv. 向东
直接放在动词后，表示朝某个方向移动或面向某个方向。
常见表达 go east face east travel east turn east
After the bridge, the road turns east.
查看翻译和讲解 过桥后道路转向东。
east can be an adverb.
The team travelled east along the coast.
查看翻译和讲解 队伍沿海岸向东行进。
travel east shows direction of movement.
adj. 东方的；东部的
放在名词前，表示某物位于这一侧或来自这一方向。
常见表达 east gate east coast east side east wind
Meet me at the east gate after class.
查看翻译和讲解 下课后在东门见我。
east before a noun is an adjective.
The east coast is warmer this week.
查看翻译和讲解 本周东海岸更暖和。
east can describe a region.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun sets in the west.
west 是 east 的相反方向。
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
eastern 更常表示较大区域或文化上的“……部/……方”。
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
eastward(s) 强调朝 east 移动。
Jilin is in northeast China.
northeast 由两个基本方向合成。
Fujian is in southeast China.
southeast 由两个基本方向合成。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 east 是基本方位词，可派生 eastern 和 eastward(s)，也参与构成 northeast, southeast。
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
Jilin is in northeast China.
Fujian is in southeast China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 north 可作名词、方向副词和形容词。名词表示方位，副词表示向这个方向移动，放在名词前可表示“北部的”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U,sing.] 北
表示罗盘上的一个基本方向或某地区的方位。
常见表达 in the north to the north of the north side the North
Harbin is in the north of China.
查看翻译和讲解 哈尔滨在中国北方。
in the north of locates a region.
The mountains lie to the north of the city.
查看翻译和讲解 群山位于城市北面。
to the north of gives relative position.
adv. 向北
直接放在动词后，表示朝某个方向移动或面向某个方向。
常见表达 go north fly north travel north turn north
Many birds fly north in spring.
查看翻译和讲解 许多鸟春天向北飞。
north can be an adverb.
We drove north for two hours before sunset.
查看翻译和讲解 日落前我们向北开了两个小时。
drive north shows movement.
adj. 北方的；北部的
放在名词前，表示某物位于这一侧或来自这一方向。
常见表达 north gate north wind north side north bank
The north wind made the night colder.
查看翻译和讲解 北风让夜晚更冷。
north before a noun is an adjective.
Use the north gate when the main gate is closed.
查看翻译和讲解 正门关闭时走北门。
north gate names a side.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Hainan lies in the south of China.
south 是 north 的相反方向。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
northern 更常表示较大区域或文化上的“……部/……方”。
The birds flew northward in spring.
northward(s) 强调朝 north 移动。
Jilin is in northeast China.
northeast 由两个基本方向合成。
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
northwest 由两个基本方向合成。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 north 是基本方位词，可派生 northern 和 northward(s)，也参与构成 northeast, northwest。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
The birds flew northward in spring.
Jilin is in northeast China.
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 south 可作名词、方向副词和形容词。名词表示方位，副词表示向这个方向移动，放在名词前可表示“南部的”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U,sing.] 南
表示罗盘上的一个基本方向或某地区的方位。
常见表达 in the south to the south of the south coast the south side
Hainan lies in the south of China.
查看翻译和讲解 海南位于中国南方。
in the south of locates a region.
The village is to the south of the river.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄在河的南边。
to the south of gives relative position.
adv. 向南
直接放在动词后，表示朝某个方向移动或面向某个方向。
常见表达 go south drive south travel south turn south
They drove south for two hours.
查看翻译和讲解 他们向南开了两个小时。
south can be an adverb.
The warm air moved south overnight.
查看翻译和讲解 暖空气一夜之间向南移动。
move south shows direction.
adj. 南方的；南部的
放在名词前，表示某物位于这一侧或来自这一方向。
常见表达 south gate south coast south side south wind
The south coast receives many visitors.
查看翻译和讲解 南部海岸接待许多游客。
south before a noun is an adjective.
The south gate opens onto a busy street.
查看翻译和讲解 南门通向一条繁忙街道。
south gate names a side.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Harbin is in the north of China.
north 是 south 的相反方向。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
southern 更常表示较大区域或文化上的“……部/……方”。
The cold air moved southward overnight.
southward(s) 强调朝 south 移动。
Fujian is in southeast China.
southeast 由两个基本方向合成。
Yunnan is in southwest China.
southwest 由两个基本方向合成。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 south 是基本方位词，可派生 southern 和 southward(s)，也参与构成 southeast, southwest。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
The cold air moved southward overnight.
Fujian is in southeast China.
Yunnan is in southwest China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 west 可作名词、方向副词和形容词。名词表示方位，副词表示向这个方向移动，放在名词前可表示“西部的”。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U,sing.] 西
表示罗盘上的一个基本方向或某地区的方位。
常见表达 in the west to the west of the west gate the West
The sun sets in the west.
查看翻译和讲解 太阳从西方落下。
west is the noun direction.
The library is to the west of the playground.
查看翻译和讲解 图书馆在操场西边。
to the west of locates a place.
adv. 向西
直接放在动词后，表示朝某个方向移动或面向某个方向。
常见表达 go west travel west turn west move west
The train travelled west through the desert.
查看翻译和讲解 火车向西穿过沙漠。
west can be an adverb.
At the crossroads, turn west toward the hills.
查看翻译和讲解 在十字路口向西转，朝山那边走。
turn west is a direction pattern.
adj. 西方的；西部的
放在名词前，表示某物位于这一侧或来自这一方向。
常见表达 west gate west coast west side west wind
The west gate leads to the garden.
查看翻译和讲解 西门通向花园。
west before a noun is an adjective.
A west wind brought dry air.
查看翻译和讲解 西风带来了干燥空气。
west can describe wind direction.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun rises in the east.
east 是 west 的相反方向。
Western China has many high mountains.
western 更常表示较大区域或文化上的“……部/……方”。
The train travelled westward through the desert.
westward(s) 强调朝 west 移动。
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
northwest 由两个基本方向合成。
Yunnan is in southwest China.
southwest 由两个基本方向合成。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 west 是基本方位词，可派生 western 和 westward(s)，也参与构成 northwest, southwest。
Western China has many high mountains.
The train travelled westward through the desert.
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
Yunnan is in southwest China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 northeast = north + east，表示两个基本方向之间的方向。注意英语顺序是 north-east，有些中文表达顺序看起来相反，如 southwest = 西南。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 东北
表示介于 north 和 east 之间的复合方位。
常见表达 in the northeast to the northeast of the northeast of China the northeast corner
Jilin is in northeast China.
查看翻译和讲解 吉林在中国东北。
in northeast names a region.
The village lies to the northeast of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄位于湖的东北方向。
to the northeast of gives relative position.
adv. 向东北
作副词时直接表示朝这个复合方向移动。
常见表达 go northeast move northeast turn northeast travel northeast
The road turns northeast after the bridge.
查看翻译和讲解 过桥后道路转向东北。
northeast can be an adverb.
After the sign, walk northeast for five minutes.
查看翻译和讲解 看到标志后向东北走五分钟。
walk northeast is a movement pattern.
adj. 东北的；东北部的
放在名词前表示某侧、某角或某地区。
常见表达 northeast corner northeast coast northeast region northeast wind
The northeast corner of the room gets morning light.
查看翻译和讲解 房间的东北角能照到晨光。
northeast before a noun is an adjective.
The northeast coast is marked on the map.
查看翻译和讲解 地图上标出了东北海岸。
northeast can describe a region.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Harbin is in the north of China.
northeast 包含 north。
The sun rises in the east.
northeast 包含 east。
Yunnan is in southwest China.
southwest 是 northeast 的相反方向。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
northern 是 north 的方向形容词。
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
eastward(s) 强调向 east 移动。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 northeast 是透明复合词：north + east。英语复合方向按英文顺序写，学习时要和中文方向词对齐。
Harbin is in the north of China.
The sun rises in the east.
Yunnan is in southwest China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 northwest = north + west，表示两个基本方向之间的方向。注意英语顺序是 north-west，有些中文表达顺序看起来相反，如 southwest = 西南。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 西北
表示介于 north 和 west 之间的复合方位。
常见表达 in the northwest to the northwest of the northwest of China the northwest corner
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
查看翻译和讲解 新疆在中国西北。
in northwest names a region.
The village lies to the northwest of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄位于湖的西北方向。
to the northwest of gives relative position.
adv. 向西北
作副词时直接表示朝这个复合方向移动。
常见表达 go northwest move northwest turn northwest travel northwest
The hikers moved northwest along the valley.
查看翻译和讲解 徒步者沿山谷向西北行进。
northwest can be an adverb.
After the sign, walk northwest for five minutes.
查看翻译和讲解 看到标志后向西北走五分钟。
walk northwest is a movement pattern.
adj. 西北的；西北部的
放在名词前表示某侧、某角或某地区。
常见表达 northwest corner northwest coast northwest region northwest wind
The northwest corner of the room gets morning light.
查看翻译和讲解 房间的西北角能照到晨光。
northwest before a noun is an adjective.
The northwest coast is marked on the map.
查看翻译和讲解 地图上标出了西北海岸。
northwest can describe a region.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Harbin is in the north of China.
northwest 包含 north。
The sun sets in the west.
northwest 包含 west。
Fujian is in southeast China.
southeast 是 northwest 的相反方向。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
northern 是 north 的方向形容词。
The train travelled westward through the desert.
westward(s) 强调向 west 移动。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 northwest 是透明复合词：north + west。英语复合方向按英文顺序写，学习时要和中文方向词对齐。
Harbin is in the north of China.
The sun sets in the west.
Fujian is in southeast China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 southeast = south + east，表示两个基本方向之间的方向。注意英语顺序是 south-east，有些中文表达顺序看起来相反，如 southwest = 西南。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 东南
表示介于 south 和 east 之间的复合方位。
常见表达 in the southeast to the southeast of the southeast of China the southeast corner
Fujian is in southeast China.
查看翻译和讲解 福建在中国东南。
in southeast names a region.
The village lies to the southeast of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄位于湖的东南方向。
to the southeast of gives relative position.
adv. 向东南
作副词时直接表示朝这个复合方向移动。
常见表达 go southeast move southeast turn southeast travel southeast
The river flows southeast into the sea.
查看翻译和讲解 这条河向东南流入大海。
southeast can be an adverb.
After the sign, walk southeast for five minutes.
查看翻译和讲解 看到标志后向东南走五分钟。
walk southeast is a movement pattern.
adj. 东南的；东南部的
放在名词前表示某侧、某角或某地区。
常见表达 southeast corner southeast coast southeast region southeast wind
The southeast corner of the room gets morning light.
查看翻译和讲解 房间的东南角能照到晨光。
southeast before a noun is an adjective.
The southeast coast is marked on the map.
查看翻译和讲解 地图上标出了东南海岸。
southeast can describe a region.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Hainan lies in the south of China.
southeast 包含 south。
The sun rises in the east.
southeast 包含 east。
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
northwest 是 southeast 的相反方向。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
southern 是 south 的方向形容词。
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
eastward(s) 强调向 east 移动。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 southeast 是透明复合词：south + east。英语复合方向按英文顺序写，学习时要和中文方向词对齐。
Hainan lies in the south of China.
The sun rises in the east.
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 southwest = south + west，表示两个基本方向之间的方向。注意英语顺序是 south-west，有些中文表达顺序看起来相反，如 southwest = 西南。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 西南
表示介于 south 和 west 之间的复合方位。
常见表达 in the southwest to the southwest of the southwest of China the southwest corner
Yunnan is in southwest China.
查看翻译和讲解 云南在中国西南。
in southwest names a region.
The village lies to the southwest of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄位于湖的西南方向。
to the southwest of gives relative position.
adv. 向西南
作副词时直接表示朝这个复合方向移动。
常见表达 go southwest move southwest turn southwest travel southwest
Clouds moved southwest across the sky.
查看翻译和讲解 云朵向西南掠过天空。
southwest can be an adverb.
After the sign, walk southwest for five minutes.
查看翻译和讲解 看到标志后向西南走五分钟。
walk southwest is a movement pattern.
adj. 西南的；西南部的
放在名词前表示某侧、某角或某地区。
常见表达 southwest corner southwest coast southwest region southwest wind
The southwest corner of the room gets morning light.
查看翻译和讲解 房间的西南角能照到晨光。
southwest before a noun is an adjective.
The southwest coast is marked on the map.
查看翻译和讲解 地图上标出了西南海岸。
southwest can describe a region.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Hainan lies in the south of China.
southwest 包含 south。
The sun sets in the west.
southwest 包含 west。
Jilin is in northeast China.
northeast 是 southwest 的相反方向。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
southern 是 south 的方向形容词。
The train travelled westward through the desert.
westward(s) 强调向 west 移动。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 southwest 是透明复合词：south + west。英语复合方向按英文顺序写，学习时要和中文方向词对齐。
Hainan lies in the south of China.
The sun sets in the west.
Jilin is in northeast China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 eastern 是 east 的 -ern 形容词，常用于地区、文化、气候、海岸、墙面等较稳定的“……方/……部”描述。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 东方的；东部的
表示位于或关联于 east 方/部。
常见表达 eastern China eastern coast eastern culture eastern side
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
查看翻译和讲解 上海是中国东部的重要城市。
eastern describes a region.
The eastern gate of the park opens at six.
查看翻译和讲解 公园东门六点开放。
eastern can describe a side or part.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun rises in the east.
east 可作名词/副词/形容词；eastern 只作形容词。
Western China has many high mountains.
western 是 eastern 的相反方向形容词。
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
eastward(s) 强调移动方向，eastern 强调位置或关联。
Jilin is in northeast China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
Fujian is in southeast China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 eastern = east + -ern，表示“东方的；东部的”。它和 eastward(s) 的区别是：-ern 多描述位置/地区，-ward(s) 多描述朝向/移动。
The sun rises in the east.
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
Western China has many high mountains.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 northern 是 north 的 -ern 形容词，常用于地区、文化、气候、海岸、墙面等较稳定的“……方/……部”描述。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 北方的；北部的
表示位于或关联于 north 方/部。
常见表达 northern China northern coast northern culture northern side
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
查看翻译和讲解 中国北方冬天可能很冷。
northern describes a region.
The northern wall of the house gets little sun.
查看翻译和讲解 房子的北墙几乎晒不到太阳。
northern can describe a side or part.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Harbin is in the north of China.
north 可作名词/副词/形容词；northern 只作形容词。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
southern 是 northern 的相反方向形容词。
The birds flew northward in spring.
northward(s) 强调移动方向，northern 强调位置或关联。
Jilin is in northeast China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 northern = north + -ern，表示“北方的；北部的”。它和 northward(s) 的区别是：-ern 多描述位置/地区，-ward(s) 多描述朝向/移动。
Harbin is in the north of China.
The birds flew northward in spring.
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 southern 是 south 的 -ern 形容词，常用于地区、文化、气候、海岸、墙面等较稳定的“……方/……部”描述。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 南方的；南部的
表示位于或关联于 south 方/部。
常见表达 southern China southern coast southern culture southern side
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
查看翻译和讲解 南方城市冬天通常更暖。
southern describes a region.
The southern coast receives many visitors.
查看翻译和讲解 南部海岸接待许多游客。
southern can describe a side or part.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Hainan lies in the south of China.
south 可作名词/副词/形容词；southern 只作形容词。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
northern 是 southern 的相反方向形容词。
The cold air moved southward overnight.
southward(s) 强调移动方向，southern 强调位置或关联。
Fujian is in southeast China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
Yunnan is in southwest China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 southern = south + -ern，表示“南方的；南部的”。它和 southward(s) 的区别是：-ern 多描述位置/地区，-ward(s) 多描述朝向/移动。
Hainan lies in the south of China.
The cold air moved southward overnight.
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 western 是 west 的 -ern 形容词，常用于地区、文化、气候、海岸、墙面等较稳定的“……方/……部”描述。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 西方的；西部的
表示位于或关联于 west 方/部。
常见表达 western China western coast western culture western side
Western China has many high mountains.
查看翻译和讲解 中国西部有许多高山。
western describes a region.
The western door leads to the garden.
查看翻译和讲解 西门通向花园。
western can describe a side or part.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun sets in the west.
west 可作名词/副词/形容词；western 只作形容词。
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
eastern 是 western 的相反方向形容词。
The train travelled westward through the desert.
westward(s) 强调移动方向，western 强调位置或关联。
Xinjiang is in northwest China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
Yunnan is in southwest China.
复合方向比单一方向更具体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 western = west + -ern，表示“西方的；西部的”。它和 westward(s) 的区别是：-ern 多描述位置/地区，-ward(s) 多描述朝向/移动。
The sun sets in the west.
The train travelled westward through the desert.
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 eastward(s) 由 east + -ward(s) 构成，核心是“朝 east 方向”。可作副词，也可放在名词前作形容词；-wards 常见于英式英语副词用法。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 向东
表示动作朝 east 方向进行。
常见表达 move eastward travel eastward fly eastward look eastward
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
查看翻译和讲解 船在黎明时向东航行。
eastward works as an adverb.
The boat drifted eastward with the current.
查看翻译和讲解 小船顺着水流向东漂去。
drift eastward is a natural movement phrase.
adj. 向东的
放在名词前，表示旅程、路线、移动趋势朝这个方向。
常见表达 an eastward journey an eastward route eastward movement eastward expansion
An eastward route follows the river.
查看翻译和讲解 一条向东的路线沿河而行。
eastward can modify a noun.
The map shows an eastward route across the plain.
查看翻译和讲解 地图显示一条穿过平原的向东路线。
eastward route is an adjective pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun rises in the east.
eastward(s) 来自 east。
The train travelled westward through the desert.
westward(s) 是 eastward(s) 的相反移动方向。
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
eastern 描述位置，eastward(s) 描述朝向。
Walk toward the school gate.
toward 是理解 -ward(s) 的关键词。
The map shows an eastward route.
eastward 常修饰 route/journey/movement。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ward(s) 表示 toward a direction。eastward(s) = east + -ward(s)，表示朝 east。
The sun rises in the east.
Shanghai is an important city in eastern China.
The train travelled westward through the desert.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 northward(s) 由 north + -ward(s) 构成，核心是“朝 north 方向”。可作副词，也可放在名词前作形容词；-wards 常见于英式英语副词用法。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 向北
表示动作朝 north 方向进行。
常见表达 move northward travel northward fly northward look northward
The birds flew northward in spring.
查看翻译和讲解 鸟儿在春天向北飞。
northward works as an adverb.
The boat drifted northward with the current.
查看翻译和讲解 小船顺着水流向北漂去。
drift northward is a natural movement phrase.
adj. 向北的
放在名词前，表示旅程、路线、移动趋势朝这个方向。
常见表达 a northward journey a northward route northward movement northward expansion
The road continues northward for ten kilometres.
查看翻译和讲解 这条路继续向北延伸十公里。
northward can modify a noun.
The map shows a northward route across the plain.
查看翻译和讲解 地图显示一条穿过平原的向北路线。
northward route is an adjective pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Harbin is in the north of China.
northward(s) 来自 north。
The cold air moved southward overnight.
southward(s) 是 northward(s) 的相反移动方向。
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
northern 描述位置，northward(s) 描述朝向。
Walk toward the school gate.
toward 是理解 -ward(s) 的关键词。
The map shows a northward route.
northward 常修饰 route/journey/movement。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ward(s) 表示 toward a direction。northward(s) = north + -ward(s)，表示朝 north。
Harbin is in the north of China.
Northern China can be very cold in winter.
The cold air moved southward overnight.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 southward(s) 由 south + -ward(s) 构成，核心是“朝 south 方向”。可作副词，也可放在名词前作形容词；-wards 常见于英式英语副词用法。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 向南
表示动作朝 south 方向进行。
常见表达 move southward travel southward fly southward look southward
The cold air moved southward overnight.
查看翻译和讲解 冷空气一夜之间向南移动。
southward works as an adverb.
The boat drifted southward with the current.
查看翻译和讲解 小船顺着水流向南漂去。
drift southward is a natural movement phrase.
adj. 向南的
放在名词前，表示旅程、路线、移动趋势朝这个方向。
常见表达 a southward journey a southward route southward movement southward expansion
They began their southward journey after lunch.
查看翻译和讲解 他们午饭后开始向南的旅程。
southward can modify a noun.
The map shows a southward route across the plain.
查看翻译和讲解 地图显示一条穿过平原的向南路线。
southward route is an adjective pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Hainan lies in the south of China.
southward(s) 来自 south。
The birds flew northward in spring.
northward(s) 是 southward(s) 的相反移动方向。
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
southern 描述位置，southward(s) 描述朝向。
Walk toward the school gate.
toward 是理解 -ward(s) 的关键词。
The map shows a southward route.
southward 常修饰 route/journey/movement。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ward(s) 表示 toward a direction。southward(s) = south + -ward(s)，表示朝 south。
Hainan lies in the south of China.
Southern cities often have warmer winters.
The birds flew northward in spring.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 westward(s) 由 west + -ward(s) 构成，核心是“朝 west 方向”。可作副词，也可放在名词前作形容词；-wards 常见于英式英语副词用法。
意思、用法与例句
adv. 向西
表示动作朝 west 方向进行。
常见表达 move westward travel westward fly westward look westward
The train travelled westward through the desert.
查看翻译和讲解 火车向西穿过沙漠。
westward works as an adverb.
The boat drifted westward with the current.
查看翻译和讲解 小船顺着水流向西漂去。
drift westward is a natural movement phrase.
adj. 向西的
放在名词前，表示旅程、路线、移动趋势朝这个方向。
常见表达 a westward journey a westward route westward movement westward expansion
The village expanded westward toward the hills.
查看翻译和讲解 村庄向西扩展到山边。
westward can modify a noun.
The map shows a westward route across the plain.
查看翻译和讲解 地图显示一条穿过平原的向西路线。
westward route is an adjective pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The sun sets in the west.
westward(s) 来自 west。
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
eastward(s) 是 westward(s) 的相反移动方向。
Western China has many high mountains.
western 描述位置，westward(s) 描述朝向。
Walk toward the school gate.
toward 是理解 -ward(s) 的关键词。
The map shows a westward route.
westward 常修饰 route/journey/movement。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 -ward(s) 表示 toward a direction。westward(s) = west + -ward(s)，表示朝 west。
The sun sets in the west.
Western China has many high mountains.
The ship sailed eastward at dawn.
词族导图 east 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 sea 的核心是“大片海水”。它可指海、海洋，也可用 a sea of... 比喻“大量、大片”。at sea 既可指在海上，也可表示困惑；by sea 表示乘船。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C,U] 海；海洋
指大片咸水水域，常与 travel、boat、coast、air 等语境连用。
常见表达 the sea at sea by sea across the sea sea air
The fishing boat stayed at sea for three days.
查看翻译和讲解 渔船在海上停留了三天。
at sea = on the sea.
They sent the goods to the island by sea.
查看翻译和讲解 他们用海运把货物送到岛上。
by sea = by ship.
n. [sing.] 大量；大片
a sea of... 用来形容人、花、云等数量很多、连成一片。
常见表达 a sea of people a sea of faces a sea of flowers a sea of clouds
A sea of faces looked up at the stage.
查看翻译和讲解 一大片面孔抬头望向舞台。
a sea of faces = many faces.
In spring, the field becomes a sea of yellow flowers.
查看翻译和讲解 春天，田野变成一片黄色花海。
a sea of flowers is a vivid image.
phr. at sea：在海上；困惑
at sea 可以是地点短语，也可比喻“不知所措、困惑”。
常见表达 be at sea feel at sea be all at sea about life at sea
The sailor missed his family during life at sea.
查看翻译和讲解 那位水手在海上生活时想念家人。
life at sea is literal.
I was all at sea during the first physics lesson.
查看翻译和讲解 第一节物理课上我完全摸不着头脑。
all at sea means confused.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.
ocean 通常指更大的洋；sea 可指较小海域或泛指海。
Children played on the beach.
beach 是海边沙滩，不是海水本身。
The town lies on the south coast.
coast 是陆地靠海的边缘。
A seagull flew above the fishing boat.
seagull = sea + gull，是生活在海边的鸟。
We spent the weekend at the seaside.
seaside 指海边地区，常与度假语境连用。
Green seaweed covered the rocks.
seaweed 是生长在海里的植物或藻类。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 sea 可作复合词前半部分，表示“海边/海中/与海有关”。
A seagull flew above the fishing boat.
We spent the weekend at the seaside.
Green seaweed covered the rocks.
词族导图 sea 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
182
coast
▶ /kəʊst/ · noun / verb
the land beside the sea; to move without using power after gaining speed
海岸；海滨；滑行；顺势前进
学习关联：从 sea 到 ocean，再认识岸边与海岸线的表达。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 海岸；海滨
the land beside the sea
常见表达 on the coast the east coast
We spent a week on the north coast of Wales.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在威尔士北海岸度过了一周。
north coast
A narrow road follows the coast to the fishing village.
查看翻译和讲解 一条狭窄的公路沿海岸通往渔村。
follows the coast
coast 指海岸附近的陆地。
vi. 滑行；顺势前进
to move without using power after gaining speed
常见表达 coast downhill coast to a stop
The cyclist stopped pedalling and coasted downhill.
查看翻译和讲解 骑车人停止踩踏板，顺坡滑下。
coasted downhill
The car coasted to a stop outside the school.
查看翻译和讲解 汽车滑行到学校外停了下来。
car coasted to a stop
车辆松开动力后滑行可用 coast。
183
coastal
▶ /ˈkəʊstəl/ · adjective
relating to the coast
沿海的；海岸的
学习关联：从 sea 到 ocean，再认识岸边与海岸线的表达。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 沿海的；海岸的
relating to the coast
常见表达 coastal town coastal waters
The coastal town attracts visitors in summer.
查看翻译和讲解 这座沿海小镇夏天吸引游客。
coastal town
New coastal protection is planned after the floods.
查看翻译和讲解 洪水后计划建设新的海岸防护设施。
coastal protection
coastal 修饰地区、生态或保护工程。
184
coastline
▶ /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ · noun
the outline of a coast
海岸线
学习关联：从 sea 到 ocean，再认识岸边与海岸线的表达。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 海岸线
the outline of a coast
常见表达 a rocky coastline erosion along the coastline
The island has a long, rocky coastline.
查看翻译和讲解 这个岛有漫长而多岩石的海岸线。
rocky coastline
Erosion along the coastline has damaged several beaches.
查看翻译和讲解 沿海岸线的侵蚀损坏了几个海滩。
Erosion along the coastline
coastline 强调海岸的线状轮廓或长度。
185
ocean
▶ /ˈəʊʃn/ · n. [C]
one of the very large areas of salt water covering the Earth
海洋；大洋
学习关联：从 sea 到 ocean，再认识岸边与海岸线的表达。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 海洋；大洋
one of the very large areas of salt water covering the Earth
常见表达 the Pacific Ocean ocean floor cross the ocean
Plastic waste can harm animals in the ocean.
查看翻译和讲解 塑料垃圾会伤害海洋中的动物。
in the ocean
The ship crossed the Atlantic Ocean in ten days.
查看翻译和讲解 这艘船十天穿越了大西洋。
crossed the Atlantic Ocean
Ocean is countable when naming a particular ocean; the sea is often used for smaller bodies of water.
186
shore
▶ /ʃɔː(r)/ · n. [C]
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river
岸；海滨
学习关联：从 sea 到 ocean，再认识岸边与海岸线的表达。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 岸；海滨
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river
常见表达 on shore the shore of
The boat reached the shore before the storm arrived.
查看翻译和讲解 暴风雨到来前小船抵达了岸边。
reached the shore
We collected shells along the shore of the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 我们沿着湖岸收集贝壳。
shore of the lake
shore 常指水边的陆地。
联想 seagull = sea + gull，指常在海边、港口或船只附近飞行的海鸥。它是可数名词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 海鸥
生活在海边或海上的鸟，常出现在 harbour、boat、coast 等语境。
常见表达 a seagull seagulls cry seagulls over the harbour a flock of seagulls
A seagull flew above the fishing boat.
查看翻译和讲解 一只海鸥飞过渔船上方。
seagull near a boat.
We heard seagulls crying near the harbour.
查看翻译和讲解 我们听见海鸥在港口附近鸣叫。
seagulls cry near the sea.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A bird landed on the roof.
bird 是上位词；seagull 是海边常见鸟。
Gulls often live near water.
gull 范围更宽；seagull 特别强调 sea。
The boat was far out at sea.
sea 提供生活环境线索。
Many seagulls fly over the harbour.
harbour 是海鸥常出现的地点。
Seagulls followed the coast.
coast 是靠海陆地边缘。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 seagull 是透明复合词：sea + gull。
The boat was far out at sea.
Gulls often live near water.
词族导图 sea 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 seaside = sea + side，核心是“海边一带”。常说 at/go to the seaside；放在名词前可说 seaside town、seaside hotel。
意思、用法与例句
n. [the ~] 海滨
指靠海、适合游玩或居住的一带地区，常带 the。
常见表达 at the seaside go to the seaside live by the seaside a day at the seaside
We spent the weekend at the seaside.
查看翻译和讲解 我们在海滨度过了周末。
at the seaside.
Many families go to the seaside in summer.
查看翻译和讲解 许多家庭夏天去海边。
go to the seaside.
adj. 海边的；海滨的
放在名词前描述城镇、旅馆、道路等靠海。
常见表达 a seaside town seaside hotels a seaside road a seaside holiday
The seaside town is quiet in winter.
查看翻译和讲解 这个海滨小镇冬天很安静。
seaside before a noun.
Small hotels line the seaside road.
查看翻译和讲解 小旅馆沿着海滨道路排列。
seaside road.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The waves came in from the sea.
sea 是海水；seaside 是海边地区。
Children built a castle on the beach.
beach 更强调沙滩。
The coast is beautiful at sunset.
coast 更强调陆地边缘或地区线。
We walked along the shore.
shore 是水边岸线，范围可包括湖边。
Seagulls flew over the seaside town.
seagull 常出现在 seaside 场景。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 seaside 是透明复合词：sea + side，表示海边一侧或海滨地区。
The waves came in from the sea.
Stand on the safe side of the road.
词族导图 sea 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 seaweed = sea + weed，指海里生长的植物或藻类。可作不可数名词泛指海藻，也可指一片片海藻。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 海草；海藻（泛称）
泛指海里生长的植物或藻类，常与 grow、cover、dry、soup 搭配。
常见表达 green seaweed dry seaweed seaweed soup seaweed grows
Green seaweed covered the rocks after the tide went out.
查看翻译和讲解 退潮后，绿色海藻覆盖了岩石。
seaweed as a mass noun.
Some people use seaweed in soup and salad.
查看翻译和讲解 有些人把海藻用在汤和沙拉里。
seaweed as food.
n. [C] 一片海藻
指具体一片或一种海藻时可数。
常见表达 a piece of seaweed different seaweeds kinds of seaweed
A piece of seaweed stuck to the shell.
查看翻译和讲解 一片海藻粘在贝壳上。
a piece of seaweed.
The guide showed us different seaweeds near the shore.
查看翻译和讲解 向导给我们看了岸边不同种类的海藻。
different seaweeds = kinds.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Algae can grow quickly in warm water.
algae 更科学；seaweed 更日常。
This plant grows near water.
plant 是上位词。
Seaweed grows in the sea.
sea 提供生长环境线索。
Seaweed was washed onto the shore.
shore 是海藻被冲上来的地方。
We found seaweed at the seaside.
seaside 是海边场景。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 seaweed 是透明复合词：sea + weed，表示长在海里的植物或藻类。
Seaweed grows in the sea.
We pulled weeds from the garden.
词族导图 sea 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 grant 一边是名词“拨款”，一边是动词“正式给予/准许”。固定短语 take ... for granted 表示把人或事当作理所当然。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 拨款；补助金
机构、政府或学校给某个项目、研究或学生的一笔钱。
常见表达 a government grant a research grant apply for a grant receive a grant
The school received a grant to build a new library.
查看翻译和讲解 学校获得一笔拨款来建新图书馆。
grant as money for a purpose.
She applied for a grant to continue her study.
查看翻译和讲解 她申请了一笔助学金继续学习。
apply for a grant.
vt. 准予；同意给予
正式或权威地允许某事，或把某种权利、请求、机会给某人。
常见表达 grant permission grant a request grant sb. sth. be granted the right to do
The teacher granted us five more minutes to finish the test.
查看翻译和讲解 老师准许我们多用五分钟完成测试。
grant sb. time.
The city granted permission for the concert in the park.
查看翻译和讲解 市政府准许在公园举行音乐会。
grant permission.
vt. / phr. 承认；take ... for granted
grant 可表示承认某事为真；take ... for granted 表示认为某事理所当然而不珍惜。
常见表达 grant that... take it for granted take sb. for granted take ... for granted
I grant that the plan is not perfect, but it is practical.
查看翻译和讲解 我承认这个计划并不完美，但它很实际。
grant that.
Her husband was always there and she took him for granted.
查看翻译和讲解 她丈夫一直都在她身边，她认为他理应如此。
take ... for granted phrase.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The guard allowed us to enter.
allow 更普通；grant 更正式，常带权威批准。
They gave each child a book.
give 最普通；grant 常是正式给予权利、钱或许可。
The office refused his request.
refuse 与 grant a request 相反。
They denied her request for help.
deny 可表示拒绝给予，也可表示否认。
The project was funded by the city.
grant 是一笔钱；fund 强调资助动作或资金。
You need permission to use the room.
grant permission 是高频搭配。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 grant 是独立高频词；granted 常见于 granted that... 或 take ... for granted 的分词形式。
Granted, the work is hard, but it is useful.
The grant-funded program helped many students.
联想 hide 的核心是“让别人看不见”。它可接物表示把东西藏起来，也可表示隐瞒事实或情绪；作不及物动词是人或动物躲藏；作名词可指观察或埋伏用的隐蔽处。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 把……藏起来；隐藏
把物品放到别人不容易看见或找到的地方。
常见表达 hide sth. hide sth. under/in/behind hide sth. from sb. hide a gift
She hid the letter under her notebook.
查看翻译和讲解 她把信藏在笔记本下面。
hide an object.
He hid the birthday gift from his sister.
查看翻译和讲解 他把生日礼物藏起来不让妹妹看见。
hide sth. from sb.
vt. 隐瞒；掩饰
不让别人知道事实、情绪或想法。
常见表达 hide the truth hide feelings hide fear hide sth. from sb.
Do not hide the truth from your parents.
查看翻译和讲解 不要向父母隐瞒真相。
hide the truth from sb.
She tried to hide her fear during the interview.
查看翻译和讲解 面试时她努力掩饰自己的害怕。
hide a feeling.
vi. 躲藏
人或动物自己躲到别人看不见的地方。
常见表达 hide behind hide under hide from hide in a room
The child hid behind the door.
查看翻译和讲解 那个孩子躲在门后。
hide behind.
The cat hid under the bed during the storm.
查看翻译和讲解 暴风雨时猫躲在床下。
hide under.
n. [C] 隐匿处；埋伏处
为了观察动物或埋伏而使用的隐蔽地点。
常见表达 a wildlife hide watch from a hide wait in a hide
The photographer waited in a hide near the lake.
查看翻译和讲解 摄影师在湖边的隐蔽处等待。
hide as a noun.
From the hide, we could watch birds without frightening them.
查看翻译和讲解 从隐蔽处看鸟时，我们不会惊扰它们。
watch from a hide.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The box was concealed behind a curtain.
conceal 比 hide 更正式。
Cover the bowl with a plate.
cover 强调盖住表面，不一定是为了藏起来。
The report revealed the truth.
reveal 与 hide the truth 相反。
The police sought the missing child.
seek 是找，和 hide 藏/躲形成动作对照。
The children played hide-and-seek in the garden.
hide-and-seek 把 hide 和 seek 两个动作放进游戏名。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 hide 的过去式是 hid，过去分词是 hidden；hide-and-seek 是 hide + seek 的透明复合游戏名。
She hid the key in a drawer.
The path was hidden by trees.
The children played hide-and-seek.
词族导图 hide / seek / hide-and-seek 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 seek 比 look for 更正式，核心是“主动去找/争取”。常接 advice、help、work、truth、fortune，也可用 seek to do sth. 表示试图做某事；过去式和过去分词都是 sought。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 寻找；寻求；谋求
寻找某物、机会、答案、帮助或成功。
常见表达 seek help seek advice seek work seek the truth seek one's fortune
Many students seek advice before choosing subjects.
查看翻译和讲解 许多学生在选科前寻求建议。
seek advice.
He left his village to seek his fortune in the city.
查看翻译和讲解 他离开村庄去城市闯世界。
seek one's fortune.
vt. 请求；征求
正式地向某人或机构请求帮助、许可、意见等。
常见表达 seek permission seek support seek an answer seek medical help
You should seek medical help if the pain continues.
查看翻译和讲解 如果疼痛持续，你应该寻求医疗帮助。
seek medical help.
The club sought permission to use the hall.
查看翻译和讲解 俱乐部请求获准使用大厅。
seek permission.
vi. 试图；设法
seek to do sth. 表示努力尝试做某事，语气较正式。
常见表达 seek to do sth. seek to improve seek to reduce seek to protect
The company seeks to reduce waste.
查看翻译和讲解 这家公司试图减少浪费。
seek to do sth.
The project seeks to protect local wildlife.
查看翻译和讲解 这个项目试图保护当地野生动物。
seek to protect.
phr. seek out：找出；挑选出
seek out 强调主动把某人或某物找出来。
常见表达 seek out information seek out a teacher seek out new ideas
Good readers seek out useful information from different texts.
查看翻译和讲解 优秀读者会从不同文本中找出有用信息。
seek out information.
She sought out an old friend at the meeting.
查看翻译和讲解 她在会上找到了一个老朋友。
seek out a person.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We looked for the lost key.
look for 更日常；seek 更正式。
They searched for the missing bag.
search for 强调仔细搜寻。
She asked for help.
ask for 更口语；seek help 更正式。
The child hid behind the door.
hide 是藏/躲；seek 是找/寻求。
I finally found the answer.
find 是结果；seek 是寻找过程。
They sought shelter from the rain.
seek 的过去式和过去分词都是 sought。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 seek 的过去式和过去分词都是 sought；hide-and-seek 中 seek 表示“寻找躲起来的人”。
They sought shelter from the rain.
Job seekers need clear goals.
In hide-and-seek, one child seeks the others.
词族导图 hide / seek / hide-and-seek 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 hide-and-seek 是游戏名：一些人 hide，另一个人 seek。通常作不可数名词，常说 play hide-and-seek。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U] 捉迷藏
儿童游戏名：有人躲起来，有人去找。
常见表达 play hide-and-seek a game of hide-and-seek in hide-and-seek
The children played hide-and-seek in the garden.
查看翻译和讲解 孩子们在花园里玩捉迷藏。
play hide-and-seek.
In hide-and-seek, one child counts while the others hide.
查看翻译和讲解 捉迷藏时，一个孩子数数，其他孩子躲起来。
the rules explain hide and seek.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The children hid behind the trees.
hide 是游戏中的躲藏动作。
One child seeks the others.
seek 是游戏中的寻找动作。
Chess is a quiet game.
game 是上位词。
One child counts to twenty.
游戏开始时常有人先数数。
The seeker found everyone quickly.
find 是找人的结果。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 hide-and-seek = hide + and + seek，是由两个动作组成的透明复合名词。
The children hid behind the trees.
One child seeks the others.
词族导图 hide / seek / hide-and-seek 已有导图，可在独立图片中复习同组词。
打开词族导图
联想 junior 的核心是“更低/更年轻”：可说职位级别低，也可说年龄较小、青少年阶段；和 senior 构成常见反向对比。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 级别较低的
在职位、资历或等级上低于别人，常和 to 搭配。
常见表达 be junior to sb. a junior doctor junior staff a junior position
He is junior to my father in the company.
查看翻译和讲解 他在公司里的级别低于我父亲。
be junior to pattern.
Junior staff members should ask for help when they need it.
查看翻译和讲解 初级员工需要帮助时应主动询问。
junior before a job group.
adj. 青少年的；低年级的
用于学校、比赛或组织中年龄较小、阶段较低的一组。
常见表达 junior high school a junior team junior students junior players
My sister studies in junior high school.
查看翻译和讲解 我妹妹在初中上学。
related phrase junior high school.
The junior team trained after school every Friday.
查看翻译和讲解 少年队每周五放学后训练。
junior as age group.
n. [C] 职位较低者；青少年运动员
指级别低于某人的人，也可指青少年比赛中的选手。
常见表达 a junior in the office train juniors teach juniors the juniors
As a junior in the office, she learned from experienced workers.
查看翻译和讲解 作为办公室里的初级员工，她向有经验的员工学习。
junior as a lower-ranking person.
The club has classes for both adults and juniors.
查看翻译和讲解 这家俱乐部既有成人班，也有青少年班。
juniors as young people.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
A senior nurse helped the new doctor.
senior 与 junior 在级别和年龄上相对。
My younger brother is twelve.
younger 只说年龄；junior 还可说级别。
Lower-ranking workers followed the manager's plan.
lower-ranking 解释级别义，但不用于学校阶段。
Experienced teachers guided the new teachers.
junior 往往经验较少；experienced 强调经验多。
Adults and juniors used different courts.
adult 与 junior 的青少年义相对。
The freshman asked a senior student for directions.
freshman 指学校年级身份；junior 在美式英语也可指三年级学生，需看语境。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 junior 是独立等级/年龄词；junior high school 是透明短语，senior 是常用反向词。
Junior high school students often learn basic chemistry.
The senior player gave advice to the juniors.
联想 pause 是短暂停顿，不是永久停止。它可作动词，也可作名词；现代设备里的 pause button 是“暂停键”。
意思、用法与例句
vi. 暂停；停顿
动作、说话或活动暂时停一下，之后通常还会继续。
常见表达 pause for a moment pause to do pause before doing pause between sentences
She paused for a moment before answering the question.
查看翻译和讲解 她回答问题前停顿了一会儿。
short pause before action.
If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.
查看翻译和讲解 如果一个孩子靠近他，他会停下来，将全部心思放在那个孩子身上。
pause to do pattern.
n. [C] 暂停；停顿；暂停键
一次短暂的停顿，或设备上的暂停功能。
常见表达 a short pause a long pause without pause press the pause button
There was a short pause after his speech.
查看翻译和讲解 他的演讲结束后有一小段停顿。
pause as a noun.
Press the pause button if you need to take notes.
查看翻译和讲解 如果你需要记笔记，就按暂停键。
pause button.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The bus stopped at the gate.
stop 可短可长；pause 强调短暂停顿后可继续。
He hesitated before he spoke.
hesitate 强调不确定；pause 只说明停顿。
Please continue reading after the bell.
continue 与 pause 的暂时停止相对。
The class resumed after a short break.
resume 是暂停后重新开始。
We took a short break after lunch.
break 常是较长休息；pause 可很短。
Do not interrupt others when they are speaking.
interrupt 是外力打断；pause 可主动停顿。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 pause 是独立高频词；paused 是过去式/过去分词，pause button 是透明复合表达。
The video paused in the middle of the lesson.
The pause button is next to the play button.
联想 stop 是高频多义词：动词表示停止或阻止；名词可指公交站、一次停止或中途停留。注意 stopped 的双写。
意思、用法与例句
v. / vi. 停止；结束；暂停
动作、机器、声音或活动不再继续；也可表示短暂停一下。
常见表达 stop doing stop working stop for a rest stop to do
The rain stopped before we left school.
查看翻译和讲解 我们离开学校前雨停了。
stop as in end.
At last, I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether.
查看翻译和讲解 最终，我用拳头击打电视，之后它就完全瘫痪了。
stop working example.
vt. 阻止
使某人不能做某事，或让某事不再发生。
常见表达 stop sb. from doing stop a plan stop the spread of stop the car
The heavy snow stopped us from reaching the village.
查看翻译和讲解 大雪阻止我们到达那个村庄。
stop sb. from doing.
New rules helped stop the spread of the disease.
查看翻译和讲解 新规定有助于阻止疾病传播。
stop the spread of.
n. [C] 车站；停止；中途停留
公共汽车等停靠点，或旅行、过程中的一次停止。
常见表达 bus stop the next stop make a stop a short stop
Get off at the next bus stop.
查看翻译和讲解 在下一站下车。
stop as a station.
We made a short stop on the way to the city.
查看翻译和讲解 去城里的路上我们短暂停留了一下。
stop as a short visit.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
She paused before answering.
pause 强调短暂停顿；stop 可表示彻底结束。
The show ended at ten.
end 强调结束点；stop 可用于动作、机器和阻止。
A fence prevented people from entering.
prevent 与 stop sb. from doing 接近，更正式。
The class continued after lunch.
continue 与 stop 相反。
The game started at seven.
start 是开始；stop 是停止。
The train station is near the school.
bus stop 是较小停靠点；station 通常较大。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 stop 是独立高频词；stopped 双写 p，stopwatch、bus stop 是透明相关表达。
The car stopped at the red light.
The coach used a stopwatch during training.
联想 queue 是英式英语常用的“队伍/排队”。重点短语是 stand in a queue 和 jump the queue。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 队；等待的人群
一群人或车辆按顺序等待服务、入场或通过。
常见表达 a long queue stand in a queue join the queue jump the queue
There was a long queue outside the museum.
查看翻译和讲解 博物馆外排着长队。
queue as a noun.
It is rude to jump the queue.
查看翻译和讲解 插队是不礼貌的。
jump the queue phrase.
vi. 排队等候
为了买票、上车、办理业务等按顺序等待。
常见表达 queue for tickets queue up queue outside queue to do
People queued for tickets early in the morning.
查看翻译和讲解 人们一大早就排队买票。
queue for.
Students queued up to enter the dining hall.
查看翻译和讲解 学生们排队进入食堂。
queue up.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
We waited in line for the bus.
line 是美式常用说法；queue 是英式常用说法。
The students sat in the front row.
row 是横排或纵排，不一定在等待。
We waited for the train.
wait 是等待动作；queue 是排成队等待。
She left the line when it started to rain.
leave the queue 与排队等候相反。
He tried to cut in, but others stopped him.
cut in/jump the queue 都表示插队。
Please keep the names in order.
queue 强调按顺序等待。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 queue 是独立高频词；queue up 是常见短语动词，queuing 是动名词/现在分词。
Visitors queued up before the gate opened.
Queuing for a long time can be tiring.
联想 cute 常先想到“可爱、讨人喜欢”，多形容孩子、动物、小物件、笑容等；也可形容想法或回答“聪明、机灵”。语气通常轻松亲切，不适合所有正式赞美场合。
意思、用法与例句
adj. 可爱的；漂亮迷人的
形容人、动物、小东西或表情小巧、讨人喜欢。
常见表达 a cute baby a cute puppy a cute smile look cute cute little
The cute puppy followed us home.
查看翻译和讲解 那只可爱的小狗跟着我们回家。
cute describes a small animal.
Her cute smile made everyone laugh.
查看翻译和讲解 她可爱的笑容把大家都逗笑了。
cute smile is friendly and informal.
adj. 聪明伶俐的；机灵的
形容办法、回答或孩子机灵、巧妙，语气常带欣赏。
常见表达 a cute idea a cute answer a cute trick cute and clever
That is a cute solution to the puzzle.
查看翻译和讲解 那是这个谜题的一个巧妙解法。
cute can mean clever.
The child gave a cute answer that surprised the teacher.
查看翻译和讲解 那个孩子给出了一个机灵的回答，让老师很惊讶。
cute answer = clever answer.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
What a lovely little garden!
lovely 语气更温和，可用于更广泛的人或事物。
The baby looked adorable in the photo.
adorable 比 cute 更强烈。
She wore a pretty dress.
pretty 更偏外表漂亮；cute 更偏小巧讨喜。
He found a clever way to save time.
clever 对应 cute 的机灵义。
The old wall looked ugly after the rain.
ugly 与可爱/漂亮义相反。
The answer sounded awkward.
awkward 可与 cute 的机灵自然形成对比。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 cute 是独立形容词，没有必要强行扩展词族；重点放在语气、对象和两条义项上。
The child smiled cutely at the camera.
The puppy's cuteness made us smile.
联想 dragon 是故事、传说和文化中的“龙”。英语里常指会飞、喷火的想象生物；在中国文化语境中，dragon 常是力量、好运和传统的象征。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 传说中的龙
故事或传说中的巨大想象生物，常和 fire、castle、hero、legend 连用。
常见表达 a dragon story a fire-breathing dragon fight a dragon a dragon in a legend
The story is about a hero who fights a dragon.
查看翻译和讲解 这个故事讲一位英雄与龙搏斗。
dragon in a story.
A fire-breathing dragon guarded the old castle.
查看翻译和讲解 一条喷火的龙守护着古堡。
fire-breathing dragon.
n. [C] 文化象征中的龙
在节日、生肖、传统艺术中，dragon 可作文化象征。
常见表达 a Chinese dragon dragon dance the Year of the Dragon dragon boat
The dragon dance attracted many visitors.
查看翻译和讲解 舞龙吸引了许多游客。
dragon dance is a cultural phrase.
My cousin was born in the Year of the Dragon.
查看翻译和讲解 我表弟出生在龙年。
the Year of the Dragon.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The story describes a strange creature.
creature 是上位词，可指真实或想象生物。
A monster appeared in the dark cave.
monster 更强调可怕；dragon 不一定邪恶。
The legend tells of a dragon in the mountains.
legend 是 dragon 常出现的故事语境。
The snake moved through the grass.
西方 dragon 常像巨大爬行动物，但 snake 是真实动物。
Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.
dinosaur 是古生物；dragon 是想象/文化生物。
The dragon is a symbol of strength in the festival.
symbol 对应文化象征义。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 dragon 是独立名词，不需要强行拆词根；重点掌握故事义和文化象征义。
The dragon dance attracted many visitors.
Dragon boat races are popular during the festival.
联想 element 有两条高频线：科学中是“元素”，如 oxygen、carbon；普通表达中是“组成整体的重要部分/要素”，如 an important element of a job。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 元素
化学中的基本物质，不能用普通化学方法再分成更简单物质。
常见表达 chemical element a natural element oxygen/carbon as an element the elements in water
Oxygen is an element that we need to breathe.
查看翻译和讲解 氧是我们呼吸所需的一种元素。
element in chemistry.
Carbon is an important element in living things.
查看翻译和讲解 碳是生物体内的重要元素。
carbon as an element.
n. [C] 基本部分；要素
组成一件事、计划、工作或成功条件的重要部分。
常见表达 an important element of a key element a basic element several elements of
Customer relations is an important element of the job.
查看翻译和讲解 客户关系是这份工作的重要组成部分。
an important element of.
Trust is a key element in a good team.
查看翻译和讲解 信任是优秀团队的关键要素。
key element in.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
Each part of the machine has a job.
part 更普通；element 强调组成整体的重要要素。
The battery is a key component of the device.
component 常用于机器、系统或技术语境。
Weather is an important factor in the plan.
factor 强调影响结果的因素；element 强调组成部分。
Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
compound 由元素组成；element 是更基本的化学物质。
Oxygen is a chemical element.
oxygen 是 element 的具体例子。
We must understand the whole story.
element 是组成部分；whole 是整体。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 element 是独立高频名词；elementary 是真实派生形容词，表示基础的、初级的。
The book explains elementary science clearly.
Oxygen is a chemical element.
联想 launch 的核心动作是“把某事正式推出去”：可以推出产品、发起活动、发射火箭，也可以让船下水。
意思、用法与例句
vt. 发动；发起；推出
正式开始一个活动、计划或把新产品推向市场。
常见表达 launch a campaign launch a project launch a product be launched in July
The school launched a campaign to save water.
查看翻译和讲解 学校发起了一项节水活动。
launch a campaign.
The new model will be launched in July.
查看翻译和讲解 新型号产品将在七月推出。
product launch example.
vt. 发射；使船下水
把火箭、卫星、船等送入空中、水中或预定位置。
常见表达 launch a rocket launch a satellite launch a ship launch a boat
China launched a new satellite into space.
查看翻译和讲解 中国向太空发射了一颗新卫星。
launch into space.
The workers launched the small boat into the river.
查看翻译和讲解 工人们把小船放入河中。
launch a boat.
n. [C] / phr. 发布；发射；launch into
名词指发布、投放或发射；launch into 表示热情地开始说或做。
常见表达 the launch of a product launch a rocket launch launch into a speech
Many reporters attended the launch of the new phone.
查看翻译和讲解 许多记者参加了这款新手机的发布会。
launch as a noun.
After dinner, he launched into a long story about his trip.
查看翻译和讲解 晚饭后，他兴致勃勃地讲起了自己的旅行故事。
launch into pattern.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The meeting started at nine.
start 最普通；launch 更正式，常指推出计划、产品或行动。
The class began with a question.
begin 普通；launch 带“正式推出/发起”的动作感。
The company released a new app.
release 偏发布给公众；launch 强调整体启动或推向市场。
They canceled the launch because of bad weather.
cancel 与 launch an event/project 相反。
The spacecraft landed safely.
launch 是发射出去；land 是降落。
The campaign encouraged students to read more.
launch a campaign 是常见搭配。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 launch 是独立高频动词/名词；launcher、launch pad、product launch 是真实相关表达。
The rocket launcher was tested carefully.
The rocket stood on the launch pad.
联想 peak 的画面是“最高点”：可以是山峰，也可以是数量、活动、状态的高峰；作形容词时表示高峰期的。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C] 山峰；顶点；高峰
具体山峰，或抽象数量、活动、成功、压力等达到的最高点。
常见表达 a mountain peak reach a peak at its peak the peak of
Snow covered the mountain peak all year.
查看翻译和讲解 山峰终年积雪。
physical peak.
Traffic reaches a peak at about eight in the morning.
查看翻译和讲解 交通量在早上八点左右达到高峰。
abstract peak.
vi. 达到高峰
数量、价格、兴趣、活动等升到最高水平。
常见表达 peak in summer peak at a number prices peak interest peaks
Tourism usually peaks in August.
查看翻译和讲解 旅游业通常在八月达到高峰。
peak as a verb.
The number of visitors peaked at 5,000 on Sunday.
查看翻译和讲解 周日游客人数达到五千人的峰值。
peak at a number.
adj. 高峰时期的
放在名词前，表示某段时间、价格、需求或交通量处于高峰。
常见表达 peak hours peak season peak time peak demand
The subway is crowded during peak hours.
查看翻译和讲解 地铁在高峰时段很拥挤。
peak hours.
Hotels are more expensive in peak season.
查看翻译和讲解 旺季酒店更贵。
peak season.
词义关系与辨析 近义 / 易混 / 反义
The flag is at the top of the building.
top 更普通；peak 常指山峰或最高水平。
They reached the summit before noon.
summit 更正式，可指山顶或峰会。
The storm was at its height at midnight.
height 可表示最强阶段；peak 更常搭配 reach/at。
The village lies at the bottom of the hill.
bottom 与 peak 的最高点相对。
Sales hit a low point in winter.
low point 与抽象高峰相对。
Off-peak tickets are cheaper.
off-peak 是 peak time 的反向时间表达。
词族 / 派生 / 记忆线索 peak 是独立高频词；off-peak 和 peak-hour 是透明复合表达。
Traveling off-peak can save money.
Peak-hour traffic moves slowly.