common 组用 commun- 的“共同、相通”做记忆桥,但必须分三条线:common 是常见/共同;community 是共同生活或共同关心的一群人;communicate/communication 是信息、感情、疾病或空间相通;communism/communist 是历史政治词,不能和日常 community 混用。
学习顺序
先学 common:a common mistake / common knowledge 是常见;have sth. in common / a common goal 是共同
然后学 communicate:communicate with sb.、communicate an idea/message/feeling、communicate a disease、communicating rooms
接着学 communication:clear communication、a communication from...、means of communication、communications technology
最后把 communism 和 communist 放进历史政治语境:communism 是不可数思想/制度名词,communist 是人或形容词
组内辨析
common 是形容词;community 是名词;communicate 是动词;communication 是名词,词性不能互换。
have something in common 是固定表达,不能按 common 的普通形容词位置来分析。
communism/communist 与 community 有 commun- 记忆线索,但前者属于政治历史语境,后者是日常社会生活词。
communicate with sb. 是不及物交流;communicate an idea/message/feeling 是及物传达;communicating rooms 是空间相通。
communication 作交流过程多不可数;a communication 可指一条正式信息;communications 可指通信系统或行业。
易错提醒
不要把 communism 和 community 当成近义词。
不要把 all commun- words 都说成 common 的直接派生词;本组有直接派生,也有记忆线索和语义场。
不要把 common 误译成 cheap 或 bad,它本身强调常见或共同。
不要漏掉 communicate 的传染疾病和房间相通两个阅读义。
不要把 communication 和 information 混用:information 是内容,communication 是交流行为、消息或通信方式。
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common
星标
['kɒmən] · adj. · Page 97
普通的,常见的;共同的,共有的
usual or often seen; shared by two or more people or things
联想
common 的核心是“大家都可能遇到或共同拥有”。它可以说 a common mistake,也可以说 have something in common。
意思、用法与例句
adj.普通的;常见的
形容某事经常出现、并不罕见,语气通常中性,不表示低级。
常见表达a common mistakecommon knowledgea common problemIt is common for sb. to do sth.
It is common for students to feel nervous before an important exam.
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common for sb. to do sth. 表示某事经常发生。
Sharing answers without checking them is a common mistake in group work.
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a common mistake 强调很多人会犯。
common 不等于 cheap 或 bad;它说的是“常见”。
phr.共同的;共有的
表示两者或多人共享同一种特点、兴趣、经历或目标。
常见表达have sth. in common with...in commoncommon interestsa common goal
Although they grew up in different towns, the two girls have a lot in common.
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have a lot in common 表示有很多共同点。
The volunteers worked together for a common goal.
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a common goal 是大家共同的目标。
in common 是固定短语,不要按字面逐词翻译。
词义关系与辨析
近义 / 易混 / 反义
ordinary
普通的;平凡的
A common mistake is made by many people; an ordinary day is simply not special.common 强调常见或共有,ordinary 强调不特别。
rare
罕见的
Snow is rare in this warm city, but rain is common.rare 是 common“常见”义的直接反向线索。
community
社区;群体
People in a community often share common needs.common 是形容词,community 是名词,指共同生活或共同关心的一群人。
communicate
交流;传达
Friends communicate more easily when they have interests in common.communicate 是动词,强调信息、情感或空间相通。
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communism
['kɒmjənizəm] · n. [U] · Page 97
共产主义
a political and economic idea or system connected with shared ownership by the community
联想
communism 是历史和政治语境中的抽象名词,通常不可数;它说的是思想或制度,不是一个人。
意思、用法与例句
n. [U]共产主义思想或制度
不可数名词,指一种政治经济思想或制度概念,常出现在历史、社会或政治阅读中。
常见表达the idea of communismunder communismcommunism and capitalismstudy communism
The textbook presents communism as one important political idea in modern history.
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communism 作抽象不可数名词,不加 a。
Students compared communism and capitalism in a history lesson.
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communism 常与 capitalism 作制度概念对照。
若指支持这种思想的人,用 communist。
词义关系与辨析
近义 / 易混 / 反义
capitalism
资本主义
The textbook compared communism with capitalism in a simple chart.二者是政治经济制度概念对照,不是日常词义近反义。
community
社区;群体
The word communism is historically connected with the idea of community, but the words are used in different contexts.community 是日常社会生活词,communism 是政治历史词。
词族线索 / 同组词
communist
共产主义者;共产主义的
Communism is an idea, while a communist may be a person who supports it.communism 指思想或制度,communist 指人或作形容词。
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communist
['kɒmjənist] · n. [C] / adj. · Page 97
共产主义者;共产主义的
a person who supports communism; also describing something related to communism
联想
communist 有两个位置:前面有 a/an 时多指人,放在名词前时多作形容词。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C]共产主义者
可数名词,指支持或信奉共产主义的人。
常见表达a communistbecome a communistsupport communism
The biography says that he became a communist when he was young.
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a communist 指人,复数是 communists。
The writer described several communists who influenced the movement.
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作名词时可数,可用复数。
思想本身用 communism,指人用 communist。
adj.共产主义的
作形容词时修饰 country、party、idea、movement 等名词。
常见表达a communist countrycommunist ideasa communist movementa communist party
The article described several communist ideas that influenced modern history.
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communist 修饰 ideas。
The passage explains a communist movement in Europe.
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communist movement 是历史政治语境。
作形容词时通常不作比较级。
词义关系与辨析
近义 / 易混 / 反义
anti-communist
反共产主义的;反共者
The text also mentioned anti-communist groups in that period.anti-communist 是政治立场上的反向词,不是日常反义形容词。
community
社区;群体
A community can include people with many different political views.community 是普通社会生活词,不等于 communist。
词族线索 / 同组词
communism
共产主义
A communist is a person connected with communism.communism 指思想或制度,communist 指人或形容词。
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community
[kə'mju:nəti] · n. [C] · Page 97
社区;团体,群体;(动植物的)群落
a group of people living together or sharing interests; also a group of plants or animals in one place
联想
community 是“共同生活或共同关心的一群人”。它可以是居民社区、兴趣群体,也可在科学语境中指动植物群落。
意思、用法与例句
n. [C]社区;共同生活的人群
指住在同一地区、共享公共生活的人群或地方。
常见表达the local communitycommunity serviceserve the communitya community center
Many students joined community service by cleaning the park on Sunday.
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community service 是常见搭配。
The new library has become a meeting place for the local community.
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local community 指当地居民群体。
n. [C]团体;群体;群落
指因兴趣、职业、信仰或生态关系形成的一群人或生物。
常见表达the scientific communityan online communitya plant communitya community of birds
The scientific community paid close attention to the new discovery.
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the scientific community 指科学界。
A wetland supports a rich community of birds, fish, and plants.
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community 可指生态群落。
语境决定 community 是居民社区、专业群体还是生态群落。
词义关系与辨析
近义 / 易混 / 反义
common
共同的;常见的
People in a community often share common problems and hopes.common 是形容词,community 是名词。
society
社会;社团
A community is usually smaller or more closely connected than a whole society.society 范围更大,community 更强调共同生活或共同身份。
individual
个人
A community can protect an individual, and an individual can serve a community.individual 强调单个人,community 强调整体群体。
communist
共产主义者;共产主义的
The words community and communist look related, but they belong to different classroom contexts.community 是日常社会词;communist 是政治历史词。
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communicate
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[kə'mju:nikeit] · v. / vt. / vi. · Page 97-98
交流,沟通;传达;传染;相通
to share information, feelings, or ideas; also to pass on disease or connect spaces